Psychopathology B 2

Question 1

Why should spontaneous recovery be explained (3)

Answer 1

1) Treatment efficacy may be improved by incorporating any “natural” strategies; 2) These strategies can be integrated into everyday community intervention programs; 3) They also may aid in strategies to improve adherence and decrease attrition and relapse

Question 2

Spontaneous remission rates in alcohol addiction

Answer 2

4% to 59%

Question 3

What does spontaneous remission rates in alcohol addiction depend on

Answer 3

depends on definition of recovery [4% total abstinence vs 59% controlled or everyday normal alcohol consumption]

Question 4

Spontaneous remission rates in tobacco addiction

Answer 4

up to 64% just quit

Question 5

Spontaneous remission rates in food/obesity

Answer 5

53.4% of males and 43.2% of females successfully reduce and maintain weight loss

Question 6

Spontaneous remission rates in opiate drug addiction

Answer 6

21.6% who showed addictive substance abuse [heavy use over extended period of time] moved to non-drug taking without formal treatment

Question 7

Stall & Biernacki (1986)

Answer 7

3 stage model with nine reasons/explanations

Question 8

Stage 1 Stall & Biernacki (1986)

Answer 8

Recognition/identification of stigmatised identity

Question 9

Stage 2 Stall & Biernacki (1986)

Answer 9

Public pronouncement of decision to quit – claim new identify

Question 10

Stage 3 Stall & Biernacki (1986)

Answer 10

Ability to successfully re-negotiate and stabilize new identity

Question 11

WHO studies in schizophrenia

Answer 11

Epidemiological investigations on schizophrenia were carried out in nine culturally diverse settings

Question 12

WHO studies in schizophrenia conclusions (4)

Answer 12

1) Schizophrenic syndromes exist in all [nine] settings; 2) Clinical features resembled each other; 3) No clear-cut causative factors could be identified; 4) Prognosis of symptom-equivalent patients was better in developing countries compared to developed countries

Question 13

WHO data expenditure

Answer 13

Across nations, budgets vary, but developed nations spend more in absolute amount and a higher percentage of national income; Expenditure higher, but the prevalence rates higher in developed nations

Question 14

Possible explanations of differential treatment outcomes (recovery) (4)

Answer 14

1) Use of psychoactive medications in developed countries; 2) Difference in type and frequency of life events; 3) Emotional atmosphere of families; 4) Culturally different perceptions of the disease (some cultures where no concept of abnormality, just different)

Question 15

What is not the answer

Answer 15

Not taking medication (non-adherence) is not the answer in developing 
nations