Crime 5

Question 1

There are how many social environment theories of crime

Answer 1

3

Question 2

What are the 3 social environment theories of crime

Answer 2

1) hot spot theory; 2) theory of routine activities; 3) Prospect, refuge and escape theory

Question 3

Hot spot theory (3)

Answer 3

1) 60% of crimes are associated with around 2% of settings within a community; 2) Geo-psychosocial areas on a map equated high crime intensity

Question 4

Hot spot theory allows

Answer 4

Allows professionals to analyse settings to: 1) Determine the environmental correlates with crime; 2) To better police crime [more effective use of limited constabulary]

Question 5

Brantingham’s community study what are crime hot spots

Answer 5

fast food restaurants (vandalism); late night clubs/pubs (assaults); domestic violence at places with previous calls

Question 6

Theory of routine activities

Answer 6

Routine activities are associated with becoming familiar with environment that increase opportunities to successfully commit crimes;

Question 7

Who does the theory of routine activities apply to

Answer 7

this theory can apply to offenders as well as victims;

Question 8

What is the key to routine activities

Answer 8

is to determine home location, work location and main locations for leisure activities

Question 9

Brantingham’s study 2 determine property crimes (2)

Answer 9

1) trace shortest route between where potential offenders live, work and engage in leisure; 2) mark off two blocks on either side of (triangular) route

Question 10

Jackson’s victim survey

Answer 10

A survey completed on home, work, leisure and tourism activities in the previous 12 months on frequency of activities; whether activity was associated with crime in that 12 months; type of crime committed; whether the crime was reported to the criminal justice system

Question 11

Results of Jackson’s victim survey (5)

Answer 11

Factors influencing victimisation - 1) activities external to home; 2) night-time; 3) high frequency (more often); 4) irregular (or novel) activities; 5) participant (in activities)

Question 12

Jackson’s victim survey absolute victimisation rate

Answer 12

Highest - external leisure (10 times higher than home); Least = home

Question 13

Jackson’s victim survey adjusted for time spend

Answer 13

safest = home; Worst – overseas travel (12 times more likely to be a victim)

Question 14

Jackson’s victim survey reporting crimes

Answer 14

Highest = work; Lowest = when on overseas travel (3 times less likely to report victimisation)

Question 15

Conclusion Jackson’s victim survey

Answer 15

Supports “routine activities” engage in irregular or non-routine behaviours (which are risky: external, night-time, non-routine, participatory)