ADHD 9 Flashcards
Systematic training for effective parenting (STEP) (3)
1) based on Adlerian or Neo-Freudian psychotherapy; 2) parents identify the goals of a child’s behaviour (that is, what is the child trying to achieve) 3) and then requires parents to change their attitude toward the child
Change parental attitude to…
Change parental attitude to change parental behaviour to change child behaviour
Parent effective training (PET) (4)
1) developed by Gordon (1975) and based on Rogerian Humanistic psychotherapy; 2) allows all members of the family free expression of feelings, encourages recognition of others’ feelings and assumptions; 3) families gain insight/understanding and 4) take positive steps to develop appropriate behaviours
Change family attitude to change…
Change family attitude to change parental behaviour to change child behaviour
Positive parenting programme (PPP) (3)
1) based on the behavioural approaches; 2) emphasises parent skill development to restructure family environment and 3) teach child self-control skills and thus behaviour change
Changing parenting skills…
changing parenting skills change child skills that leads to a change in family attitudes
Treatment options
community care, biomedical, psychosocial
Historically, treatments…
treatment was either/or but currently combined; multi-modal treatment of ADHD
Study on effectiveness of different treatments
large evaluation study (multi-sites) with children/families randomly assigned to four groups - routine community care (control); medical care (medication); behavioural treatment; combined medication/behavioural
Findings of large evaluation study
combined (medication and behavioural) ranked 1st; medical care (medication) ranked second; behavioural treatment ranked 3rd; routine community care (control) ranked 4th (last)
What is still being debated
still debating outcome, doing profiles to determine causation by intervention
Specific factors
active ingredient in medication
Non-specific factors
everything else that affects treatment
Ultimate questions to consider (4)
1) What is the cause of ADHD (biological/environmental/both)? 2) Is there more than one type of ADHD? 3) should adults use medication to control children’s behaviour? 4) What is the usefulness of therapy (medication or psychotherapy) that does not resolve the problem but only treats symptoms?
