Psychotherapy B 10

Question 1

Practice

Answer 1

(role plays etc) effective coping skills in high risk settings (in vivo) under therapist situation

Question 2

High risk settings include (4)

Answer 2

1) another person and interpersonal conflict; 2) social pressure to engage in risky behaviour; 3) positive emotional settings (celebrations etc.); 4) negative emotional states (boredom, loneliness, anxiety etc.)

Question 3

Relapse prevention model 2

Answer 3

see image

Question 4

Relapse prevention model 3

Answer 4

conclude that the best predictor of relapse is poor coping skills in dealing with high risk situations (especially with low perceived self-efficacy) (theory of planned behaviour)

Question 5

Overall conclusions about relapse (3)

Answer 5

1) Relapse is a significant problem for all psychopathologies; 2) Effective therapy needs to be conceptualised as more than a specific treatment in a clinic setting [client’s social environment]; 3) Need to consider problems within the context of specific social environments [client’s social environment]

Question 6

Psychologies that harm

Answer 6

Smith & Glass (1977) found that a significant number of clients receiving some form of psychotherapy are worse off compared to untreated controls

Question 7

Qualitative data what harm

Answer 7

felt it wasn’t helping (22.9%); money/time/work cost (24.3%); not like therapist/therapeutic orientation (16.8%); unresolved issues (moving patient/therapist or retiring therapist) (14.1%); therapy upsetting/made person worse (7.6%); therapist satisfied by client not (7.6%); became too dependent (7.9%)

Question 8

Mood disorders and therapy

Answer 8

Mood disorders [melancholic depression and bipolar disorder] are essentially biological based and tend to respond better to medication - and therapists with a narrow treatment approach [only talking therapy] fail to be of any assistance - hence inappropriate, ineffective and harmful

Question 9

Reactive depressions…

Answer 9

many [reactive] depressions lack primarily biological changes [primarily triggered by negative environment event] receive inappropriate, ineffective antidepressant drugs [with their side effects] and fail to receive an appropriate talking therapy.

Question 10

High risk therapies (8)

Answer 10

1) critical incident stress debriefing [can increase PTSD people not involved]; 2) facilitated communication [increase in false convictions]; 3) recovered-memory techniques [increase in false convictions]; 4) boot camps for conduct disorder [development of youth gangs]; 5) attachment therapy [transference to therapist]; 6) dissociative identity disorder-oriented psychotherapy; 7) grief counselling for normal bereavement [increases depression]; 8) expressive-experiential psychotherapies.

Question 11

What is psychology not able to do

Answer 11

Psychology does not and appears not be able to define normal

Question 12

What does psychology do instead

Answer 12

Focuses on defining abnormal – DSM 5 defines 297 disorders; focuses its research and treatment on abnormal behaviour in individuals

Question 13

Example of looking at individuals negatively

Answer 13

diathesis-stress model

Question 14

Diathesis-stress model for schizophrenia

Answer 14

diathesis (predisposition e.g. genetic for disorder); stress (triggers the disorder); both diathesis and stress must be present for the disorder

Question 15

Example of looking at individuals positively

Answer 15

mental health/illness continuum; moving people towards flourishing