TABLE 02 - Microbial Growth Control Flashcards

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1
Q

Kills vegetative bacterial and fungal pathogens and many viruses within 10 minutes (Physical methods)

A

Boiling or flowing steam

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2
Q

Very effective method of sterilization; at about 15 psi of pressure (121°C), all vegetative cells and their endospores are killed in about 15 mins (Physical methods)

A

Autoclaving

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3
Q

Heat treatment for milk that kills all pathogens and most non-pathogens (Physical methods)

A

Pasteurization

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4
Q

Very effective method of sterilization; used for inoculating loops (Physical methods)

A

Direct flaming

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5
Q

Very effective method of sterilization; used for disposal of contaminated dressings, animal carcasses, and paper (Physical methods)

A

Incineration

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6
Q

Very effective method of sterilization but requires temperature of 170°C for about 2 hours; used for empty glassware (Physical methods)

A

Hot air sterilization

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7
Q

Removal of microbes by passing of a liquid or gas through a screenlike material (Physical methods)

A

Filtration

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8
Q

Has a bacteriostatic effect (Physical methods)

A

Refrigeration

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9
Q

An effective method for preserving microbial cultures, foods, and drugs (Physical methods)

A

Deep-freezing

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10
Q

Most effective method of long-term preservation of microbial cultures, food, and drugs (Physical methods)

A

Lyophilization

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11
Q

Preserves colors, flavors, nutrient values of fruit juices (Physical methods)

A

High pressure

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12
Q

Involving removing water from microbes; primarily bacteriostatic (Physical methods)

A

Desiccation

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13
Q

Results in loss of water from microbial cells (Physical methods)

A

Osmotic pressure

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14
Q

Used for sterilizing pharmaceuticals and medical and dental supplies (Physical methods)

A

Ionizing radiation

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15
Q

This radiation is not very penetrating (Physical methods)

A

Nonionizing radiation

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16
Q

Rarely used, except as a standard of comparison because of its irritating qualities and disagreeable odor (Chemical methods)

A

Phenol

17
Q

Environmental surfaces, instruments, skin surfaces, and mucous membranes (Chemical methods)

A

Phenolics

18
Q

Disinfectant hand soaps and skin lotions (Chemical methods)

A

Bisphenols

19
Q

Skin disinfection, especially for surgical hand scubbing (Chemical methods)

A

Biguanides

20
Q

Plant essential oils; used in foods and disinfecting hard surfaces (Chemical methods)

A

Terpenes

21
Q

Examples include iodine, chlorine gas, and chlorine (Chemical methods)

A

Halogens

22
Q

Bactericidal and fungicidal, but not effective against endospores or nonenveloped viruses (Chemical methods)

A

Alcohols

23
Q

May be used to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (Chemical methods)

A

Heavy metals and their compounds

24
Q

Skin degerming and removal of debris (Chemical methods)

A

Soaps and detergents

25
Q

Sanitizers in dairy and food-processing industries (Chemical methods)

A

Acid-anionic sanitizers

26
Q

Antiseptic for skin and use on instruments, utensils, and rubber goods (Chemical methods)

A

Quaternary ammonium compounds

27
Q

Control mold and bacterial growth in foods and cosmetics (Chemical methods)

A

Organic acids

28
Q

Used in meat products such as ham, bacon, hotdogs, and sausage (Chemical methods)

A

Nitrates

29
Q

Includes glutaraldehyde, which is less irritating than formaldehyde and is used for disinfecting medical equipment (Chemical methods)

A

Aldehydes

30
Q

Mainly for sterilization of materials that would be damaged by heat (Chemical methods)

A

Ethylene oxide

31
Q

Especially useful for tubular medical instruments (Chemical methods)

A

Plasma sterilization

32
Q

Especially useful for sterilizing organic medical implants (Chemical methods)

A

Supercritical fluids

33
Q

Contaminated water and surfaces; in which they are very effective against oxygen-sensitive anaerobes (Chemical methods)

A

Peroxygens