TABLE 02 - Microbial Growth Control Flashcards
Kills vegetative bacterial and fungal pathogens and many viruses within 10 minutes (Physical methods)
Boiling or flowing steam
Very effective method of sterilization; at about 15 psi of pressure (121°C), all vegetative cells and their endospores are killed in about 15 mins (Physical methods)
Autoclaving
Heat treatment for milk that kills all pathogens and most non-pathogens (Physical methods)
Pasteurization
Very effective method of sterilization; used for inoculating loops (Physical methods)
Direct flaming
Very effective method of sterilization; used for disposal of contaminated dressings, animal carcasses, and paper (Physical methods)
Incineration
Very effective method of sterilization but requires temperature of 170°C for about 2 hours; used for empty glassware (Physical methods)
Hot air sterilization
Removal of microbes by passing of a liquid or gas through a screenlike material (Physical methods)
Filtration
Has a bacteriostatic effect (Physical methods)
Refrigeration
An effective method for preserving microbial cultures, foods, and drugs (Physical methods)
Deep-freezing
Most effective method of long-term preservation of microbial cultures, food, and drugs (Physical methods)
Lyophilization
Preserves colors, flavors, nutrient values of fruit juices (Physical methods)
High pressure
Involving removing water from microbes; primarily bacteriostatic (Physical methods)
Desiccation
Results in loss of water from microbial cells (Physical methods)
Osmotic pressure
Used for sterilizing pharmaceuticals and medical and dental supplies (Physical methods)
Ionizing radiation
This radiation is not very penetrating (Physical methods)
Nonionizing radiation
Rarely used, except as a standard of comparison because of its irritating qualities and disagreeable odor (Chemical methods)
Phenol
Environmental surfaces, instruments, skin surfaces, and mucous membranes (Chemical methods)
Phenolics
Disinfectant hand soaps and skin lotions (Chemical methods)
Bisphenols
Skin disinfection, especially for surgical hand scubbing (Chemical methods)
Biguanides
Plant essential oils; used in foods and disinfecting hard surfaces (Chemical methods)
Terpenes
Examples include iodine, chlorine gas, and chlorine (Chemical methods)
Halogens
Bactericidal and fungicidal, but not effective against endospores or nonenveloped viruses (Chemical methods)
Alcohols
May be used to prevent ophthalmia neonatorum (Chemical methods)
Heavy metals and their compounds
Skin degerming and removal of debris (Chemical methods)
Soaps and detergents
Sanitizers in dairy and food-processing industries (Chemical methods)
Acid-anionic sanitizers
Antiseptic for skin and use on instruments, utensils, and rubber goods (Chemical methods)
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Control mold and bacterial growth in foods and cosmetics (Chemical methods)
Organic acids
Used in meat products such as ham, bacon, hotdogs, and sausage (Chemical methods)
Nitrates
Includes glutaraldehyde, which is less irritating than formaldehyde and is used for disinfecting medical equipment (Chemical methods)
Aldehydes
Mainly for sterilization of materials that would be damaged by heat (Chemical methods)
Ethylene oxide
Especially useful for tubular medical instruments (Chemical methods)
Plasma sterilization
Especially useful for sterilizing organic medical implants (Chemical methods)
Supercritical fluids
Contaminated water and surfaces; in which they are very effective against oxygen-sensitive anaerobes (Chemical methods)
Peroxygens
