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CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > PRELIM 06 - Bacterial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity > Flashcards

PRELIM 06 - Bacterial Mechanisms of Pathogenicity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The ability to cause disease by overcoming host defenses

A

Pathogenicity

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2
Q

The degree of pathogenicity

A

Virulence

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3
Q

3 portals of entry

A

Mucous membranes, Skin, Parenteral

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4
Q

Epithelium lining the respiratory tract, GIT, GUT, and conjunctiva

A

Mucous membranes

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5
Q

Skin that is impenetrable by most microorganisms

A

Unbroken skin

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6
Q

Is a parasite that bores through intact skin

A

Hookworm

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7
Q

It grows on keratin in skin or infect the skin itself

A

Fungi

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8
Q

The number of pathogen cells or virions required to cause active infection in 50% of inoculated animals

A

ID50/Median infective dose

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9
Q

The number of pathogenic cells or virions required to kill 50% of infected animals

A

LD50/Median lethal dose

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10
Q

These bind surface receptors on the cells of certain host tissues

A

Adhesins/Ligands

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11
Q

Glycocalyx (Adherence factors)

A

Streptococcus mutans

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12
Q

Fimbriae (Adherence factors)

A

Actinomyces, Streptococcus pyogenes

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13
Q

Fimbriae, pili (Adherence factors)

A

Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli

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14
Q

Fimbriae, opacity associated proteins (Adherence factors)

A

Neisseriae gonorrhoeae

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15
Q

Tapered end as hook (Adherence factors)

A

Treponema pallidum

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16
Q

Produces adhesins that bind to laminin and fibronectin on skin cells (Adherence factors)

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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17
Q

Converts fibrinogen to fibrin that coagulates the blood to protect bacteria from phagocytosis and defenses (Enzymes)

A

Coagulase

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18
Q

Breaks down fibrin and digests clots (Enzymes)

A

Kinase

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19
Q

A kinase produced by Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Fibrinolysin/Streptokinase

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20
Q

Hydrolizes hyaluronic acid, which holds together cells in connective tissues (Enzymes)

A

Hyaluronidase

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21
Q

Breaks down collagen in connective tissues (Enzymes)

A

Collagenase

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22
Q

Destroys IgA (Enzymes)

A

IgA protease

23
Q

Prevents phagocytic cells from adhering to the bacterium

A

Capsule

24
Q

A heat-resistant and acid-resistant protein produced by Streptococcus pyogenes

A

M protein

25
Q

Waxy lipid that makes up the cell wall of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

Mycolic acid

26
Q

An aggregate of interactive bacteria attached to a solid surface or to each other and encased in an exopolysaccharide matrix

A

Biofilms

27
Q

Process by which pathogens can alter surface antigens

A

Antigenic variation

28
Q

2 examples of bacteria that undergo antigenic variation

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Borrelia recurrentis

29
Q

Enables M. tuberculosis, L. monocytogenes, Brucella species, and Legionella species to live and grow in the hostile environment within PMN, macrophages, or monocytes

A

Intracellular pathogenicity

30
Q

These take the iron away from iron-transport proteins by binding the iron even more tightly

A

Siderophores

31
Q

Can induce host epithelial cells to engulf them similarly to phagocytosis

A

Direct damage

32
Q

Poisonous substances that are produced by certain microorganisms

A

Toxins

33
Q

Capacity to produce toxins

A

Toxigenicity

34
Q

Refers to the presence of toxins in the blood

A

Toxemia

35
Q

Caused by the presence of a toxin; not by microbial growth

A

Intoxication

36
Q

2 types of toxins

A

Endotoxins, Exotoxins

37
Q

Are toxins that are part of bacterial cells, not a metabolic product; released during bacterial multiplication

A

Endotoxins

38
Q

A sensitive test to identify the presence of endotoxin in drugs, medical devices, and body fluids

A

Bacterial endotoxin test

39
Q

Other name for bacterial endotoxin test

A

Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay

40
Q

The hemolymph of the horshoe crab, __________, contains white blood cells called amebocytes, which have large amounts of a protein that causes clotting

A

Limulus polyphemus

41
Q

Are toxins produced inside a bacterium as part of growth and metabolism; secreted into the outside medium or released following lysis

A

Exotoxins

42
Q

Antibodies that provide immunity to exotoxins

A

Antitoxins

43
Q

Exotoxins inactivated by heat or by formaldehyde, iodine, or other chemicals

A

Toxoids

44
Q

3 types of exotoxins

A

A-B toxins, Membrane-disrupting toxins, Superantigens

45
Q

Are toxins that include 2 polypeptides: A (enzyme component) and B (binding component)

A

A-B toxins

46
Q

Are toxins that cause lysis of host cells by disrupting their plasma membranes

A

Membrane-disrupting toxins

47
Q

Kill phagocytes by forming protein channels

A

Leukocidins

48
Q

Kill erythrocytes by forming protein channels

A

Hemolysins

49
Q

Are produced by streptococci

A

Streptolysins

50
Q

Are produced by Listeria monocytogenes

A

Membrane-attack complexes (MACs)

51
Q

Are antigens that provoke a very intense immune response

A

Superantigens

52
Q

Are factors related to resistance to antibiotics

A

R factors

53
Q

Diseases that occur primarily in animals and can be transmitted to humans

A

Zoonoses

CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (18 decks)

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