MIDTERM 05 - Aerobic Nonspore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli

Question 1

Clubbed-shaped bacteria that resembles Chinese letters or palisades; occurs in the respiratory tract, in wounds, or on the skin (Examples of aerobic non-spore forming gram-positive bacilli)

Answer 1

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Question 2

Can survive at refrigerator temperatures, low pH, and high salt conditions; is a food-borne pathogen with a tumbling end-over-end motility (Examples of aerobic non-spore forming gram-positive bacilli)

Answer 2

Listeria monocytogenes

Question 3

H2S producing bacteria; is cultured using triple sugar iron media (Examples of aerobic non-spore forming gram-positive bacilli)

Answer 3

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Question 4

Tends to form chains or filaments; differentiated based on acid-fast staining (Examples of aerobic non-spore forming gram-positive bacilli)

Answer 4

Actinomycetes

Question 5

Are weakly acid fast, filamentous organisms with hyphae-like branching; transmitted through inhalation (Types of actinomycetes)

Answer 5

Nocardia

Question 6

A toxin produced by Corynebacterium diphtheriae that is heat-labile, single-chain, and is a three-domain polypeptide

Answer 6

Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin

Question 7

2 fragments of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin

Answer 7

Fragment A, Fragment B

Question 8

Inhibits polypeptide chain elongation (Arrests protein synthesis) (Fragments of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin)

Answer 8

Fragment A

Question 9

Binds to host cells for receptor-mediated endocytosis (Fragments of Corynebacterium diphtheriae toxin)

Answer 9

Fragment B

Question 10

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is tested using a __________

Answer 10

Dacron swab

Question 11

2 culture media used for Corynebacterium diphtheriae (TL)

Answer 11

Tellurite medium, Loffler serum medium

Question 12

Corynebacterium diphtheriae is identified using its __________ granules

Answer 12

Babes-Ernst/Volutin/Metachromic granules

Question 13

Test to determine whether the organism is able to produce the diphtheria toxin

Answer 13

Elek test

Question 14

Characterized by graying pseudomembranes over the tonsils, pharynx, and larynx, bull neck, sore throat, low-grade fever, prostration, dyspnea, and suffocation (Clinical findings of Corynebacterium diphtheriae)

Answer 14

Diphtheria

Question 15

Diphtheria wherein a membrane may form on an infected wound that fails to heal (Clinical findings of Corynebacterium diphtheriae)

Answer 15

Cutaneous diphtheria

Question 16

Can be in the form of granulomatosis infantiseptica or neonatal meningitis (Clinical findings of Listeria monocytogenes)

Answer 16

Perinatal listeriosis

Question 17

Early onset; characterized by neonatal sepsis, pustular lesions, and granulomas, and death (Clinical findings of Listeria monocytogenes)

Answer 17

Granulomatosis infantiseptica

Question 18

Is of late onset (Clinical findings of Listeria monocytogenes)

Answer 18

Neonatal meningitis

Question 19

Characterized by mild, self-limiting febrile gastroenteritis in immunocompetent individuals and meningoencephalitis, bacteremia, and focal infections in adults (Clinical findings of Listeria monocytogenes)

Answer 19

Adult listeriosis

Question 20

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae is cultured using a __________ medium; black colonies indicates a positive result

Answer 20

Triple sugar iron

Question 21

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes __________ in swine

Answer 21

Erysipelas

Question 22

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae causes __________ in humans; characterized by seal-finger/whale finger that is raised, well circumscribed, and violaceous

Answer 22

Erysipeloid

Question 23

Truly acid fast actinomycetes

Answer 23

Mycobacterium

Question 24

Weakly acid fast actinomycetes

Answer 24

Nocardia

Question 25

3 non-acid fast actinomycetes (SCA)

Answer 25

Streptomyces, Corynebacterium, Actinomadura

Question 26

An opportunistic infection in corticosteroid treatment, organ transplantation, AIDS, and alcoholism (Clinical findings of Nocardia)

Answer 26

Nocardiosis

Question 27

Treatment/Drug of choice for Nocardia

Answer 27

Cotrimoxazole

Question 28

A localized, slowly progressive, chronic infection that begins in subcutaneous tissue and spreads to adjacent tissues; is destructive and often painless (Clinical findings of Actinomycetes)

Answer 28

Mycetoma/Madura foot

Question 29

Are actinomycetes that can be source of antibiotics

Answer 29

Streptomyces sp.

Question 30

Streptomyces nodosus yields what antibiotic?

Answer 30

Amphotericin B

Question 31

Streptomyces noursei yields what antifungal?

Answer 31

Nystatin

Question 32

Streptomyces lincolnensis yields what antibiotic?

Answer 32

Lincomycin

Question 33

Streptomyces orientalis yields what antibiotic?

Answer 33

Vancomycin

Question 34

Streptomyces griseus yields what antibiotic?

Answer 34

Streptomycin

Question 35

Streptomyces orchidaceus yields what antibiotic?

Answer 35

Cycloserine

Question 36

Streptomyces venezuelae yields what antibiotic?

Answer 36

Chloramphenicol

Question 37

Streptomyces erythraea yields what antibiotic?

Answer 37

Erythromycin (Ilotycin)

Question 38

Streptomyces roseosporus yields what antibiotic?

Answer 38

Daptomycin