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CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > MIDTERM 01 - Gram-Positive Cocci > Flashcards

MIDTERM 01 - Gram-Positive Cocci Flashcards

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1
Q

Gram-positive spherical cells arranged in grapelike irregular clusters

A

Staphylococci

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2
Q

Staphylococci produces __________, which converts H2O2 to H2O and O2

A

Catalase

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3
Q

2 Staphylococcus aureus enzymes (CC)

A

Coagulase, Clumping factor

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4
Q

Clots oxalated or citrated plasma (Staphylococcus aureus enzymes)

A

Coagulase

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5
Q

Adheres organism to fibrinogen and fibrin (Staphylococcus aureus enzymes)

A

Clumping factor

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6
Q

Lyse many cells and creates pores that cause release of inflammatory mediators (Staphylococcus aureus toxins)

A

Hemolysins

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7
Q

Is a superantigen; produces the generalized desquamation of staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome (Staphylococcus aureus toxins)

A

Exfoliative toxins

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8
Q

Is a superantigen that binds to MHC-II molecules which promotes the manifestations of toxic shock syndrome (Staphylococcus aureus toxins)

A

Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1)

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9
Q

Is heat stable, resistant to gut enzymes, and causes food poisoning (Staphylococcus aureus toxins)

A

Enterotoxins

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10
Q

Characterized by a localized abscess (Staphylococcus aureus clinical findings)

A

Furuncle/Carbuncle

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11
Q

Characterized by a local infection of superficial layers of skin, especially in children (Staphylococcus aureus clinical findings)

A

Impetigo/Pyoderma

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12
Q

Characterized by a supparation (abscess) that occurs in other parts causing endocarditis, osteomyelitis, meningitis, and pneumonia (Staphylococcus aureus clinical findings)

A

Bacteremia

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13
Q

Supparation in blood vessels of the metaphysis of a long bone

A

Osteomyelitis

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14
Q

Its incubation period is 1-8 hours; characterized by symptoms that include N/V, diarrhea, and fever (Staphylococcus aureus clinical findings)

A

Food poisoning

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15
Q

Characterized by an abrupt onset of high fever, vomiting, diarrhea, myalgia, scarlatiniform rash, and hypotension with cardiac and renal failure in most severe cases (Staphylococcus aureus clinical findings)

A

Toxic shock syndrome

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16
Q

Characterized by redness and tenderness of the central face, neck, trunk, and intertriginous zones (Staphylococcus aureus clinical findings)

A

Scalded skin syndrome

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17
Q

Enzyme that hydrolyzes β-lactam antibiotics; give β-lactamase resistant penicillins

A

β-lactamase

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18
Q

Gene that gives resistance to β-lactamase resistant penicillins due to low affinity PBPs; give vancomycin

A

mecA gene

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19
Q

Bacteria that causes 75% of coagulase-negative staphylococcal infections (Streptococcus species)

A

Streptococcus epidermidis

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20
Q

Bacteria that is part of the normal flora of the skin, respiratory tract, and GIT; relatively common cause of UTIs in young women (Streptococcus species)

A

Streptococcus saprophyticus

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21
Q

Gram-positive spherical cells arranged in pairs or chains

A

Streptococci

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22
Q

Grouping based on Lancefield antigens (carbohydrates) present in the cell wall

A

Lancefield grouping

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23
Q

N-acetylglucosamine (Lancefield group)

A

Group A

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24
Q

Rhamnose-glucosamine (Lancefield group)

A

Group B

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25
Q

Rhamnose-N-acetylgalactosamine (Lancefield group)

A

Group C

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26
Q

Glycerol teichoic acid containing D-alanine and glucose (Lancefield group)

A

Group D

27
Q

Glucopyranosyl-N-acetylgalactosamine (Lancefield group)

A

Group F

28
Q

Also known as pneumococci; normal flora of the upper respiratory tract of 5-40% of humans (Streptococcus species)

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

29
Q

Pneumonia of sudden onset; symptoms include fever, chills, sharp pleural pain, and bloody or rusty colored sputum (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pneumoniae)

A

Community-acquired pneumonia

30
Q

Treatment for Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Parenteral β-lactams

31
Q

2 vaccines used for prevention of Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

PPSV23, PCV13

32
Q

The most prevalent members of the normal microbiota of the upper respiratory tract (Examples of gram-positive cocci)

A

Viridans streptococci

33
Q

Condition that is due to large polysaccharides synthesized by Streptococcus mutans (Clinical findings of Viridans streptococci)

A

Dental caries

34
Q

Condition that involves the rapid destruction of the valves; leads to fatal cardiac failure in days-weeks unless surgery is performed (Clinical findings of Viridans streptococci)

A

Acute endocarditis

35
Q

Condition that is slowly progressive and often involves abnormal valves (Clinical findings of Viridans streptococci)

A

Subacute endocarditis

36
Q

Major virulence factor of Streptococcus pyogenes

A

M protein

37
Q

Enzyme that transforms plasminogen into plasmin, which digests fibrin, allowing bacteria to escape from blood clots (Streptococcus pyogenes enzymes)

A

Streptokinase (Fibrinolysin)

38
Q

Enzyme that degrades DNA and liquefies pus, allowing the bacteria to spread (Streptococcus pyogenes enzymes)

A

Deoxyribonuclease (DNAse)

39
Q

Enzyme that hydrolyzes hyaluronic acid, a component of ground substance in ECM of CT and aids in spreading (Streptococcus pyogenes enzymes)

A

Hyaluronidase

40
Q

Is a superantigen that is associated with streptococcal toxic shock syndrome and scarlet fever (Streptococcus pyogenes toxins)

A

Pyrogenic exotoxins (Erythrogenic toxins)

41
Q

Hemolysin that induces antistreptolysin O (ASO) production (Streptococcus pyogenes toxins)

A

Streptolysin O

42
Q

Hemolysin responsible for β-hemolysis on BAP; not antigenic (Streptococcus pyogenes toxins)

A

Streptolysin S

43
Q

Its portal of entry is the skin; presents raised, red lesions, a brawny edema, and a rapidly advancing, sharply demarcated margin (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Erysipelas

44
Q

Its portal of entry is parenteral; is an acute, rapidly spreading infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissues (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Cellulitis

45
Q

Its portal of entry is parenteral; it is a “flesh eating disease” that is extensive and involves a very rapidly spreading necrosis of the skin, tissues, and fascia (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Necrotizing fasciitis (Streptococcal gangrene)

46
Q

Its portal of entry is the uterus; it is a septicemia originating in the infected wound after delivery (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Puerperal fever

47
Q

Its portal of entry is parenteral; it can be rapidly fatal (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Bacteremia/Sepsis

48
Q

It is the most common infection caused by Streptococcus pyogenes; it involves adherence to pharyngeal epithelium via lipoteichoic acid binding to fibronectin (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Streptococcal pharyngitis

49
Q

It leads to shock, bacteremia, respiratory failure, and multiorgan failure; tends to occur after minor trauma in otherwise healthy persons with several presentations of soft tissue infection (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Streptococcal toxic shock syndrome

50
Q

It associated with pharyngitis or with skin or soft tissue infection; its symptoms include a strawberry tongue and bright red, sandpaper rash (Clinical findings of Streptococcus pyogenes)

A

Scarlet fever

51
Q

Are autoimmune disorders which appears after an acute S. pyogenes infection

A

Poststreptococcal diseases

52
Q

A poststreptococcal disease more commonly preceded by a Streptococcus pyogenes skin infection or pharyngitis (Poststreptococcal diseases)

A

Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis

53
Q

A poststreptococcal disease more commonly preceded by pharyngitis (Poststreptococcal diseases)

A

Rheumatic fever

54
Q

Most serious sequela of S. pyogenes; mainly a disease of children 5-14 years old (Poststreptococcal diseases)

A

Rheumatic fever

55
Q

Treatment for Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin G

56
Q

Part of the normal vaginal flora and lower GIT in 5-30% of women (Streptococcus species)

A

Streptococcus agalactiae

57
Q

Involves an infection during the 1st month; may present as fulminant sepsis, meningitis, or respiratory distress syndrome (Clinical findings of Streptococcus agalactiae)

A

Neonatal sepsis

58
Q

Prevention for Streptococcus agalactiae

A

IV ampicillin

59
Q

Previously classified as group D streptococci; are commensal bacteria of the normal enteric microbiota

A

Enterococci

60
Q

2 most common causes of enterococci infection (EE)

A

Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium

61
Q

Are critical, multidrug-resistant bacteria which are the leading cause of HAIs

A

ESKAPE pathogens

62
Q

6 ESKAPE pathogens

A

Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter sp

63
Q

German word for swelling

A

Quellung

64
Q

Reaction where antibodies bind to bacterial capsule to make it more opaque; diagnosis for Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Quellung reaction

CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (29 decks)

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