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[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > MIDTERM 04 - Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

MIDTERM 04 - Spore-Forming Gram-Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

A spore-forming aerobic, gram-positive bacilli with non swollen sporangium that occurs in chains

A

Bacillus sp.

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1
Q

2 groups of spore-forming, gram-positive bacilli

A

Bacilli, Clostridium

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2
Q

2 Bacillus species that are sources of antibiotics (SP)

A

Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus polymyxa

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3
Q

Antibiotic sourced from Bacillus subtilis

A

Bacitracin

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4
Q

Antibiotic sourced from Bacillus polymyxa

A

Polymyxin

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5
Q

Causes anthrax, which is primarily a disease of herbivores and is endemic in agrarian societies in developing countries (Bacillus species)

A

Bacillus anthracis

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6
Q

Binds to specific cell receptors (Bacillus anthracis toxins)

A

Protective antigen (PA)

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7
Q

An adenylate cyclase; with PA, forms edema toxin, which causes cell and tissue edema (Bacillus anthracis toxins)

A

Edema factor (EF)

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8
Q

With PA, forms lethal toxin, which is a major virulence factor and causes death in infected animals and humans (Bacillus anthracis toxins)

A

Lethal factor (LF)

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9
Q

Anthrax that involves entry of spores through the skin; is characterized by edema, lymphangitis, lymphadenopathy, fever, malaise and headaches (Clinical findings of Bacillus anthracis)

A

Cutaneous anthrax

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10
Q

Anthrax that involves entry of spores into the lungs; is characterized by hemorrhagic necrosis and edema of the mediastinum (Clinical findings of Bacillus anthracis)

A

Inhalational anthrax/Woolsorter’s disease

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11
Q

Anthrax that involves entry of spores through the mucous membranes; is characterized by abdominal pain, vomiting, and bloody diarrhea (Clinical findings of Bacillus anthracis)

A

Gastrointestinal anthrax

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12
Q

Anthrax that involves entry of spores through injections; is characterized by an extensive, painless, SC edema and an absence of the eschar of cutaneous anthrax (Clinical findings of Bacillus anthracis)

A

Injection anthrax

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13
Q

Treatment/drug of choice for Bacillus anthracis

A

Ciprofloxacin

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14
Q

Treatment of and prophylaxis against inhalational anthrax

A

Raxibacumab

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15
Q

Causes food poisoning; has an emetic type (due to emetic toxin) and diarrheal type (due to enterotoxins) (Bacillus species)

A

Bacillus cereus

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16
Q

Due to emetic toxin; associated with fried rice, milk, and pasta (Bacillus cereus food poisoning type)

A

Emetic type

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17
Q

Due to enterotoxins; associated with meat dishes and sauces (Bacillus cereus food poisoning type)

A

Diarrheal type

18
Q

A large spore-forming, anaerobic, gram-positive, motile bacilli with swollen sporangium

A

Clostridium sp.

19
Q

Clostridium botulinum (Location of spores in Clostridium sp.)

A

Subterminal

20
Q

Clostridium tetani (Location of spores in Clostridium sp.)

21
Q

Clostridium perfringens (Location of spores in Clostridium sp.)

A

Central/Subterminal

22
Q

Toxin produced by Clostridium botulinum that is absorbed from the gut, enters the blood circulation, and binds to the receptors of presynaptic membranes of motor neurons of the PNS and cranial nerves

A

Clostridium botulinum toxin

23
Q

Clinical use for Clostridium botulinum toxin

24
Q

Are proteins that allow the fusion of vesicles and plasma membrane

A

Snare proteins

25
Q

2 types of snare proteins

A

v-SNARE, t-SNARE

26
Q

Snare proteins found in the vesicles

27
Q

Snare proteins found in the target plasma membrane

28
Q

Characterized by flaccid paralysis, visual disturbances, inability to swallow, and speech difficulty (Clinical findings of Clostridium botulinum)

29
Q

Characterized by poor feeding, weakness, and signs of paralysis in babies (Clinical findings of Clostridium botulinum)

A

Floppy baby syndrome

30
Q

Commonly found in soil, dust, and animal manure; involves the introduction of spores through wounds (Clostridium species)

A

Clostridium tetani

31
Q

Toxin produced by Clostridium tetani; has 2 peptides linked by disulfide bond

A

Tetanospasmin

32
Q

Characterized by spastic paralysis, trismus/lockjaw, risus sardonicus/sardonic smile, and opisthotonos/hyperarching of the back (Clinical findings of Clostridium tetani)

33
Q

Tetanus that occurs due to the cutting of the umbilical cord with contaminated instruments (Clinical findings of Clostridium tetani)

A

Neonatal tetanus

34
Q

3 toxins produced by Clostridium perfringens (ATE)

A

Alpha, Theta, Epsilon

35
Q

A lecithinase that aggregates platelets, causing thrombus formation and poor perfusion of tissues (Clostridium perfringens toxins)

A

Alpha toxin

36
Q

A hemolysin that produces target/double hemolysis on BAP (Clostridium perfringens toxins)

A

Theta toxin

37
Q

Causes edema, hemorrhage (Clostridium perfringens toxins)

A

Epsilon toxin

38
Q

3 enzymes produced by Clostridium perfringens (DHC)

A

DNAse, Hyaluronidase, Collagenase

39
Q

Characterized by crepitation in the SC tissue and muscle, foul-smelling discharge, rapidly progressing necrosis, fever, hemolysis, toxemia, shock, and death (Clinical findings of Clostridium perfringens)

A

Gas gangrene/Clostridial myonecrosis

40
Q

Part of the GI flora; causes pseudomembranous colitis (Clostridium species)

A

Clostridioides difficile

41
Q

Characterized by pseudomembranes or microabscesses in patients who have diarrhea and have been given antibiotics (Clinical findings of Clostridiodes difficile)

A

Pseudomembranous colitis

42
Q

Treatment/drug of choice for Clostridioides difficile

A

Vancomycin

43
Q

Type of v-SNARE that binds Ca2+ that triggers the interaction of v-SNARE and t-SNARE proteins, resulting in fusion and exocytosis

A

Synaptotagmin

[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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