MIDTERM 09 - Anaerobic Bacteria and Unusual Bacterial Pathogens Flashcards
Bacteria that live in oxygen-free environments and is the most common flora of the colon
Anaerobic bacteria
Peptostreptococci and F. nucleatum causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)
Brain abscesses
Oropharyngeal anaerobes such as actinomyces, P. melaninogenica, and Fusobacterium species causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)
Oropharyngeal infections
Peptostreptococci such as Fusobacterium species, P. melaninogenica and B. fragilis in 20-25% causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)
Pleuropulmonary infections
Mixed anaerobes in 40-90%, facultative organisms, B. fragilis, and other gastrointestinal flora causes __________ which includes liver abscesses and abdominal abscesses (Anaerobic infections)
Intra-abdominal infections
Peptostreptococci and Prevotella sp. causes __________ which includes vulvar abscesses and tubo-ovarian and pelvic abscesses (Anaerobic infections)
Female genital tract infections
Mixed anaerobic flora and Cutibacterium acnes causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)
Skin, soft tissue, and bone infections
B. fragilis, peptostreptococci, propionibacteria, Fusobacteria, and Clostridium causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)
Bacteremia
B. fragilis and Actinomyces causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)
Endocarditis
Infections caused by combinations of bacteria that function in synergistic pathogenicity
Anaerobic infections
About __________% of anaerobic infections have anaerobes alone
25%
About __________% of anaerobic infections have facultative anaerobes alone
25%
About __________% of anaerobic infections have both anaerobes and facultative anaerobes
50%
4 culture media used for culturing anaerobic bacteria (TSBB)
Trypticase soy agar base, Schaedler’s blood agar, Brucella agar, Brain-heart infusion agar
2 treatment for anaerobic infections (SA)
Surgical drainage, Antimicrobial therapy
An opportunistic pathogen that is anaerobic unlike the other gram-positive bacilli; causes acne vulgaris (Examples of anaerobic bacteria)
Cutibacterium acnes/Propionibacterium acnes
Acne that is due to the splitting of free fatty acids off from skin lipids by lipase (Clinical findings of Cutibacterium acnes)
Acne vulgaris
A facultative anaerobe, gram-variable bacilli that causes bacterial vaginosis (Examples of anaerobic bacteria)
Gardnerella vaginalis
Characterized by a vaginal discharge with “fishy odor”; occurs when the pH of vaginal secretions is greater than 4.5; associated with premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor and birth (Clinical findings of Gardnerella vaginalis)
Bacterial vaginosis
Cells that are vaginal epithelial cells with gram-variable bacilli
Clue cells
Treatment for Gardnerella vaginalis
Metronidazole
Are intracellular, gram-negative rods that are pleomorphic, slow growing, and difficult to isolate in the lab (Examples of unusual bacterial pathogens)
Bartonella sp.
Bartonella sp. is seen in infected tissues stained with the __________ stain
Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain
Causes Oroya fever and Verruga Peruana (Bartonella species)
Bartonella bacilliformis
Initial stage; characterized by serious infectious anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and hemorrhage into lymph nodes (Clinical findings of Bartonella bacilliformis)
Oroya fever
Eruptive stage; characterized by vascular nodular skin lesions (Clinical findings of Bartonella bacilliformis)
Verruga Peruana
Causes cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis (Bartonella species)
Bartonella henselae
A benign, self-limiting illness; characterized by fever and lymphadenopathy and develops 1-3 weeks after contact with a cat (Clinical findings of Bartonella henselae)
Cat-scratch disease
Disease predominantly of immunosuppressed individuals; characterized by enlarging red papule, often with surrounding scale and erythema (Clinical findings of Bartonella henselae)
Bacillary angiomatosis
Causes trench fever (Quintan fever) (Bartonella species)
Bartonella quintana
Characterized by the sudden onset of fever accompanied by headache, malaise, restlessness, and shin pain (Clinical findings of Bartonella quintana)
Trench fever (Quintan fever)
Is aerobic, gram-negative, and highly pleomorphic; forms irregular chains of bacilli and causes rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever (Examples of unusual bacterial pathogens)
Streptobacillus moniliformis
Transmitted through rat bite; characterized by septic fever, blotchy and petechial rashes, and very painful polyarthritis (Clinical findings of Streptobacillus moniliformis)
Rat-bite fever
Transmitted through ingestion of contaminated milk (Clinical findings of Streptobacillus moniliformis)
Haverhill fever
An actinomycete; causes Whipple disease (Examples of unusual bacterial pathogens)
Tropheryma whipplei
Characterized by fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and migratory polyarthralgia; most commonly occurs in middle-aged men (Clinical findings of Tropheryma whipplei)
Whipple disease
Refers to clusters with inclusion-like appearance
Morulae
An enzyme that breaks down harmful oxygen molecules
Superoxide dismutase (SOD)
An enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen
Catalase
