MIDTERM 09 - Anaerobic Bacteria and Unusual Bacterial Pathogens

Question 1

Bacteria that live in oxygen-free environments and is the most common flora of the colon

Answer 1

Anaerobic bacteria

Question 2

Peptostreptococci and F. nucleatum causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)

Answer 2

Brain abscesses

Question 3

Oropharyngeal anaerobes such as actinomyces, P. melaninogenica, and Fusobacterium species causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)

Answer 3

Oropharyngeal infections

Question 4

Peptostreptococci such as Fusobacterium species, P. melaninogenica and B. fragilis in 20-25% causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)

Answer 4

Pleuropulmonary infections

Question 5

Mixed anaerobes in 40-90%, facultative organisms, B. fragilis, and other gastrointestinal flora causes __________ which includes liver abscesses and abdominal abscesses (Anaerobic infections)

Answer 5

Intra-abdominal infections

Question 6

Peptostreptococci and Prevotella sp. causes __________ which includes vulvar abscesses and tubo-ovarian and pelvic abscesses (Anaerobic infections)

Answer 6

Female genital tract infections

Question 7

Mixed anaerobic flora and Cutibacterium acnes causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)

Answer 7

Skin, soft tissue, and bone infections

Question 8

B. fragilis, peptostreptococci, propionibacteria, Fusobacteria, and Clostridium causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)

Answer 8

Bacteremia

Question 9

B. fragilis and Actinomyces causes __________ (Anaerobic infections)

Answer 9

Endocarditis

Question 10

Infections caused by combinations of bacteria that function in synergistic pathogenicity

Answer 10

Anaerobic infections

Question 11

About __________% of anaerobic infections have anaerobes alone

Answer 11

25%

Question 12

About __________% of anaerobic infections have facultative anaerobes alone

Answer 12

25%

Question 13

About __________% of anaerobic infections have both anaerobes and facultative anaerobes

Answer 13

50%

Question 14

4 culture media used for culturing anaerobic bacteria (TSBB)

Answer 14

Trypticase soy agar base, Schaedler’s blood agar, Brucella agar, Brain-heart infusion agar

Question 15

2 treatment for anaerobic infections (SA)

Answer 15

Surgical drainage, Antimicrobial therapy

Question 16

An opportunistic pathogen that is anaerobic unlike the other gram-positive bacilli; causes acne vulgaris (Examples of anaerobic bacteria)

Answer 16

Cutibacterium acnes/Propionibacterium acnes

Question 17

Acne that is due to the splitting of free fatty acids off from skin lipids by lipase (Clinical findings of Cutibacterium acnes)

Answer 17

Acne vulgaris

Question 18

A facultative anaerobe, gram-variable bacilli that causes bacterial vaginosis (Examples of anaerobic bacteria)

Answer 18

Gardnerella vaginalis

Question 19

Characterized by a vaginal discharge with “fishy odor”; occurs when the pH of vaginal secretions is greater than 4.5; associated with premature rupture of membranes and preterm labor and birth (Clinical findings of Gardnerella vaginalis)

Answer 19

Bacterial vaginosis

Question 20

Cells that are vaginal epithelial cells with gram-variable bacilli

Answer 20

Clue cells

Question 21

Treatment for Gardnerella vaginalis

Answer 21

Metronidazole

Question 22

Are intracellular, gram-negative rods that are pleomorphic, slow growing, and difficult to isolate in the lab (Examples of unusual bacterial pathogens)

Answer 22

Bartonella sp.

Question 23

Bartonella sp. is seen in infected tissues stained with the __________ stain

Answer 23

Warthin-Starry silver impregnation stain

Question 24

Causes Oroya fever and Verruga Peruana (Bartonella species)

Answer 24

Bartonella bacilliformis

Question 25

Initial stage; characterized by serious infectious anemia, hepatosplenomegaly, and hemorrhage into lymph nodes (Clinical findings of Bartonella bacilliformis)

Answer 25

Oroya fever

Question 26

Eruptive stage; characterized by vascular nodular skin lesions (Clinical findings of Bartonella bacilliformis)

Answer 26

Verruga Peruana

Question 27

Causes cat-scratch disease and bacillary angiomatosis (Bartonella species)

Answer 27

Bartonella henselae

Question 28

A benign, self-limiting illness; characterized by fever and lymphadenopathy and develops 1-3 weeks after contact with a cat (Clinical findings of Bartonella henselae)

Answer 28

Cat-scratch disease

Question 29

Disease predominantly of immunosuppressed individuals; characterized by enlarging red papule, often with surrounding scale and erythema (Clinical findings of Bartonella henselae)

Answer 29

Bacillary angiomatosis

Question 30

Causes trench fever (Quintan fever) (Bartonella species)

Answer 30

Bartonella quintana

Question 31

Characterized by the sudden onset of fever accompanied by headache, malaise, restlessness, and shin pain (Clinical findings of Bartonella quintana)

Answer 31

Trench fever (Quintan fever)

Question 32

Is aerobic, gram-negative, and highly pleomorphic; forms irregular chains of bacilli and causes rat-bite fever and Haverhill fever (Examples of unusual bacterial pathogens)

Answer 32

Streptobacillus moniliformis

Question 33

Transmitted through rat bite; characterized by septic fever, blotchy and petechial rashes, and very painful polyarthritis (Clinical findings of Streptobacillus moniliformis)

Answer 33

Rat-bite fever

Question 34

Transmitted through ingestion of contaminated milk (Clinical findings of Streptobacillus moniliformis)

Answer 34

Haverhill fever

Question 35

An actinomycete; causes Whipple disease (Examples of unusual bacterial pathogens)

Answer 35

Tropheryma whipplei

Question 36

Characterized by fever, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and migratory polyarthralgia; most commonly occurs in middle-aged men (Clinical findings of Tropheryma whipplei)

Answer 36

Whipple disease

Question 37

Refers to clusters with inclusion-like appearance

Answer 37

Morulae

Question 38

An enzyme that breaks down harmful oxygen molecules

Answer 38

Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

Question 39

An enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen

Answer 39

Catalase