FINAL 09 - Parasitology Flashcards
1
Q
A symbiotic relationship in which one animal, the parasite, lives at the expense of the other animal, the host
A
Parasitism
2
Q
Cannot survive without a host (Types of parasite)
A
Obligate parasite
3
Q
Has free-living forms or can act as commensal (Types of parasite)
A
Facultative parasite
4
Q
Within the host; infection (Types of parasite)
A
Endoparasite
5
Q
The surface of the host; infestation (Types of parasite)
A
Ectoparasite
6
Q
Where the adult parasite lives and undergoes sexual reproduction; obligatory to life cycle (Types of host)
A
Definitive/primary host
7
Q
Where the larval stage lives and undergoes asexual reproduction; obligatory to life cycle (Types of host)
A
Intermediate/secondary host
8
Q
Where the larval stage without further development; not obligatory to life cycle (Types of host)
A
Parenteric/transport/carrier host
9
Q
Additional source of infection; not obligatory to life cycle (Types of host)
A
Reservoir/temporary host
10
Q
Accidentally harbors the parasite; cannot transmit parasite to definitive host (Types of host)
A
Accidental/dead-end host
11
Q
Stage at which the parasite is transmitted to a host (Stages of parasite)
A
Infective stage
12
Q
Stage at which the parasite is detected in a specimen from a host (Stages of parasite)
A
Diagnostic stage
13
Q
Referred to as “first animals”; are unicellular eukaryotes that inhabit water and soil
A
Protozoa
14
Q
Uses pseudopodia or protoplasmic flow for movement (Examples of protozoa)
A
Amebae
15
Q
Uses flagella for movement (Examples of protozoa)
A
Flagellates
16
Q
Uses cilia for movement; denucleated (Examples of protozoa)
A
Ciliates
17
Q
Are nonmotile intracellular parasites; has a complex life cycle, alternating between sexual and asexual reproductive stages (Examples of protozoa)
A
Apicomplexa
18
Q
Involves multiple fission (Asexual protozoan reproduction)
A
Schizogony
19
Q
Involves fusion of two cells (Sexual protozoan reproduction)
A
Conjugation
20
Q
Involves production of haploid gametes and fusion to a diploid zygote (Sexual protozoan reproduction)
A
Gametogony
21
Q
Vegetative, growing, and motile form (Protozoan stages)
A
Trophozoite
22
Q
Dormant, resistant, and usually infectious form (Protozoan stages)
A
Cyst
23
Q
Reproductive structure formed by members of Apicomplexa
A
Oocyst
24
Q
The only common pathogenic protozoan found in the duodenum and jejunum of humans; referred to as “old man’s eyeglasses” due to its leaf/heart shape (Intestinal protozoa)
A
Giardia lamblia/G. duodenalis/G. intestinalis
25
Characterized by irritation and low-grade inflammation of the duodenal or jejunal mucosa; presence of H2S odor in stool or breath (Clinical findings of Giardia lamblia)
Giardiasis
26
2 diagnosic tests for Giardia lamblia (ES)
Enterotest/Duodenal capsule/String test, Stool exam
27
Is an intestinal and tissue ameba; trophozoite is the only form present in tissues; causes amebiasis (Intestinal protozoa)
Entamoeba histolytica
28
2 types of amebiasis (IE)
Intestinal, Extraintestinal
29
Amebiasis characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, N/V, tenesmus (Types of amebiasis)
Intestinal amebiasis
30
Severe dysentery characterized by abdominal tenderness, fulminating dysentery, dehydration, and incapacitation
Amebic dysentery
31
Granulomatous mass that is sometimes formed due to intestinal amebiasis
Ameboma
32
Amebiasis that spreads via metastasis and rarely by direct extension; includes amebic hepatitis and pulmonary amebiasis (Types of amebiasis)
Extraintestinal amebiasis
33
Most common kind of extraintestinal amebiasis; is progressive, nonsuppurative, destructive w/o compression, and formation of a wall
Amebic hepatitis
34
Entamoeba histolytica causes __________ ucler
Flask-shaped ulcer
35
A human commensal; is nonpathogenic (Other intestinal amebae)
Entamoeba dispar
36
Is not a symbiont (Other intestinal amebae)
Entamoeba moshkovskii
37
Is small and nonpathogenic (Other intestinal amebae)
Entamoeba hartmanni
38
Is nonpathogenic (Other intestinal amebae)
Entamoeba coli
39
2 intestinal sporozoan that infects the immunocompromised; causes cryptosporidiosis (CH, CP)
Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium parvum
40
Characterized by severe, intractable watery diarrhea; is self-limited in immunocompetent hosts (Clinical findings of Cryptosporidium sp.)
Cryptosporidiosis
41
An intestinal sporozoan; causes cyclosporiasis (Intestinal protozoa)
Cyclospora cayetanensis
42
Characterized by self-limited diarrhea, anorexia, fatigue, and weight loss in immunocompetent hosts; prolonged in immunocompromised (Clinical findings of Cyclospora cayetensis)
Cyclosporiasis
43
An intestinal sporozoan; predominantly an infection of people in the developing world and a common presentation of HIV/AIDS; causes cystoisosporiasis (Intestinal protozoa)
Cystoisospora belli
44
Cystoisospora belli is previously called as __________
Isospora belli
45
Is self limited in immunocompetent individuals and results to prolonged illness in immunocompromised individuals (Clinical findings of Cystoisospora belli)
Cystoisosporiasis
46
The only ciliate protozoan parasite of humans; the largest protozoan parasite of humans; causes balantidiasis (Intestinal protozoa)
Balantidium coli
47
Usually asymptomatic; characterized by mucosal ulcers and submucosal abscesses, resembling lesions in amebiasis (Clinical findings of Balantidium coli)
Balantidiasis
48
A genitourinary flagellate; is anaerobic; causes trichomoniasis (Sexually transmitted protozoa)
Trichomonas vaginalis
49
Usually asymptomatic or mild; more common in women than men (Clinical findings of Trichomonas vaginalis)
Trichomoniasis
50
Causes African trypanosomiasis; transmitted through inoculation of metacyclic trypomastigotes by tsetse fly (Trypanosoma species)
Trypanosoma brucei
51
Trypanosoma brucei is transmitted through inoculation of metacyclic trypomastigotes by __________
Tsetse fly
52
Characterized by cutaneous, hemolymphatic, and CNS stage (Clinical findings of Trypanosoma brucei)
African trypanosomiasis
53
Causes Chagas disease; transmitted through inoculation of metacyclic trypomastigotes in the feces of reduviid bugs (Trypanosoma species)
Trypanosoma cruzi
54
Trypanosoma cruzi is transmitted through inoculation of metacyclic trypomastigotes in the feces of __________
Reduviid bugs
55
Characterized by Chagoma and Romaña sign in acute stages and chagasic cardiomyopathy and megacolon in chronic stages (Clinical findings of Trypanosoma cruzi)
Chagas disease
56
Subcutaneous inflammatory nodule at the site of inoculation (Acute stage of Chagas disease)
Chagoma
57
Unilateral swelling of the eyelids (Acute stage of Chagas disease)
Romaña sign
58
Characterized by small, red papule, rolled-edge ulceration, and depressed, unpigmented scar (Clinical findings of Leishmania)
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
59
Characterized by small, red papule, itchy, ulcerated vesicle, and degeneration of cartilaginous and soft tissues in nasal and buccal mucosa (Clinical findings of Leishmania)
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
60
Characterized by post-kala-azar dermal leishmanoid, which are reddish, depigmented nodules (Clinical findings of Leishmania)
Visceral leishmaniasis
61
Leishmania is transmitted through inoculation of promastigote by __________
Sandfly
62
Diagnostic test for Leishmania
Amastigotes biopsy
63
A free-living ameba; an ameboflagellate; causes primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM) (Tissue ameba)
Naegleria fowleri
64
Naegleria fowleri is also known as __________
Naegleria aerobia
65
An acute, fulminant, rapidly fatal illness characterized by headache and caused by swimming in warm freshwater (Clinical findings of Naegleria fowleri)
Primary amebic meningoencephalitis (PAM)
66
2 free-living ameba; often associated with immunocompromised individuals; causes granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) (Tissue ameba) (AB)
Acanthamoeba castellani, Balamuthia mandrillaris
67
Is chronic; characterized by confusion, headache, and seizure (Clinical findings of Acanthamoeba castellani and Balamuthia mandrillaris)
Granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE)
68
A corneal inflammation and opacity; is present in granulomatous amebic encephalitis (GAE) (Clinical findings of Acanthamoeba castellani and Balamuthia mandrillaris)
Acanthamoeba kerititis
69
Plasmodium vivax (Human or primate malaria)
Human malaria
70
Plasmodium falciparum (Human or primate malaria)
Human malaria
71
Plasmodium malariae (Human or primate malaria)
Human malaria
72
Plasmodium ovale (Human or primate malaria)
Human malaria
73
Plasmodium knowlesi (Human or primate malaria)
Primate malaria
74
Blood sporozoan; transmitted through injection of sporozoites via the bite of female Anopheles mosquito (Blood and tissue sporozoa)
Plasmodium sp.
75
Dormant liver forms of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale; can develop into merozoites
Hypnozoites
76
Number one killer of all parasitic diseases; characterized by periodic paroxysms (Clinical findings of Plasmodium sp.)
Malaria
77
Cytoplasmic Schuffner dots; enlarged host cells (Plasmodium species) (PV, PO)
Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale
78
Band-shaped trophozoite (Plasmodium species)
Plasmodium malariae
79
Small, often multiply infected rings; banana-shaped gametocytes (Plasmodium species)
Plasmodium falciparum
80
Recurrence that takes place after complete initial clearing of the erythrocytic infection; happens with Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale
Relapse
81
Recurrence of symptoms in a patient whose bloodstream infection has previously been at such a low level as not to be clinically demonstrable or cause symptoms; happens with all Plasmodium species
Recrudescence
82
Causes benign tertian malaria and tertian ague (q48h) (Plasmodium species)
Plasmodium vivax
83
Causes mild tertian malaria (q48h); rarest (Plasmodium species)
Plasmodium ovale
84
Causes aestivoautumnal, malignant tertian, and subtertian malaria (q36-48h); most common and most severe; shortest incubation period (Plasmodium species)
Plasmodium falciparum
85
Most common plasmodium species in the Philippines
Plasmodium falciparum
86
Causes quartan malaria (q72h); longest incubation period (Plasmodium species)
Plasmodium malariae
87
Causes quotidian malaria (q24h) (Plasmodium species)
Plasmodium knowlesi
88
__________ such as G6PD deficiency, thalassemia, and sickle cell anemia, serves as protective conditions against malaria
Hemolytic states
89
__________ is an antigen that acts as a receptor for invasion by the human malarial parasites
Duffy antigen
90
A blood sporozoa; causes babesiosis (Blood and tissue sporozoa)
Babesia microti
91
An intracellular infection of RBCs that is mostly asymptomatic; characterized by malaise, anorexia, nausea, fatigue, and fever (Clinical findings of Babesia microti)
Babesiosis
92
Babesia microti is transmitted through the introduction of sporozoites via __________ bite
Tick/Ixodes sp.
93
Diagnostic test for Babesia microti; used to detect intracellular tetrads of merozoites
Maltese cross
94
A tissue sporozoan that is spore-producing; its hosts include cats and members of Felidae family; causes toxoplasmosis (Blood and tissue sporozoa)
Toxoplasma gondii
95
Is an intracellular infection caused by Toxoplasma gondii; has two types (Clinical findings of Toxoplasma gondii)
Toxoplasmosis
96
2 types of toxoplasmosis (CP)
Congenital toxoplasmosis, Postnatal toxoplasmosis
97
Is a major cause of blindness; characterized by stillbirths, chorioretinitis, and intracerebral calcifications (Types of toxoplasmosis)
Congenital toxoplasmosis
98
Characterized by retinitis or chorioretinitis, encephalitis, and pneumonitis in the immunosuppressed (Types of toxoplasmosis)
Postnatal toxoplasmosis
99
2 types of helminths (RF)
Roundworms, Flatworms
100
2 classes of flatworms (FT)
Flukes, Tapeworms
101
Are elongated and tapered at both ends, round in cross section, and unsegmented (Examples of helminths)
Nematodes
102
Nematodes complete their life cycle in __________ host only
One (1)
103
2 nematodes that complete their life cycle in 2 hosts (FD)
Filarial nematodes, Dracunculus medinensis
104
Are dorsoventrally flattened in cross-section, and hermaphroditic with a few exceptions (Examples of helminths)
Platyhelminths
105
Are flattened and leaf shaped with two muscular suckers (Examples of helminths)
Trematodes
106
Trematodes complete their life cycle in __________ definitive host and __________ intermediate hosts
One (1) definitive host, Two (2) intermediate hosts
107
Are flat and ribbon like; has no mouth or digestive tract (Examples of helminths)
Cestodes
108
Composed of segments; each contain male and female reproductive structures (Parts of cestodes)
Proglottids
109
Has suckers, hooks, or structures for attachment to intestinal wall (Parts of cestodes)
Scolex
110
Cestodes complete their life cycle in __________ hosts
Two (2)
111
__________ is a cestode that completes its life cycle in 1 host
Hymenolepis nana
112
__________ is a cestode that completes its life cycle in 3 hosts
Diphyllobothrium latum
113
Also known as pinworm; causes pruritus ani and is due to the ingestion of parasitic eggs (Examples of intestinal nematodes)
Enterobius vermicularis
114
Common name of Enterobius vermicularis
Pinworm
115
Happens especially at night; caused by a hypersensitivity reaction to the eggs that are laid around the perianal region by female worms (Clinical findings of Enterobius vermicularis)
Pruritus ani
116
Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) is diagnosed using the __________ technique
Scotch tape technique
117
__________ of Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm) happens when the eggs hatch and enter the anus
Retroinfection
118
Also known as whipworm; is a soil-transmitted helminth that is acquired through the ingestion of eggs (Examples of intestinal nematodes)
Trichuris trichiura
119
Common name of Trichuris trichiura
Whipworm
120
Trichuris trichiura (whipworm) is diagnosed using the __________ technique
Kato-Katz technique
121
Is a soil-transmitted helminth that is acquired through the ingestion of eggs; the larva may migrate to the lungs (Examples of intestinal nematodes)
Ascaris lumbricoides
122
2 common names of Ascaris lumbricoides (CG)
Common roundworm, Giant intestinal roundworm
123
The most common helminthic infection; involves the obstruction of bowel and bile/pancreatic ducts (Clinical findings of Ascaris lumbricoides)
Ascariasis
124
Characterized by cough, eosinophilia, and pulmonary infiltrates; happens when larvae migrates to the lungs (Clinical findings of Ascaris lumbricoides)
Löffler syndrome
125
Ascaris lumbricoides (common roundworm) is diagnosed using the __________ technique
Kato-Katz
126
2 soil-transmitted helminths that is transmitted through the percutaneous entry of filariform larvae from soil; the larvae may migrate to the lungs (Examples of intestinal nematodes) (AN)
Ancylostoma duodenale, Necator americanus
127
2 common names of Ancyclosotoma duodenale and Necator americanus (ON)
Old world hookworm, New world hookworm
128
Characterized by erythema and intense pruritus (Clinical findings of Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus)
Ground itch
129
Happens when the larvae migrates to the lungs (Clinical findings of Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus)
Löffler syndrome
130
Ancyclostoma duodenale and Necator americanus is diagnosed using the __________ technique
Kato-Katz technique
131
An intestinal and tissue nematode transmitted through percutaneous entry of filariform larvae from soil; the larvae may migrate to the lungs and heart (Examples of intestinal nematodes)
Strongyloides stercoralis
132
Common name of Strongyloides stercoralis
Human threadworm
133
Characterized by severe diarrhea, abdominal pain, GI bleeding, nausea, and vomiting (Clinical findings of Strongyloides stercoralis)
Strongyloidiasis
134
Happens when the larvae migrates to the lungs (Clinical findings of Strongyloides stercoralis)
Löffler syndrome
135
Are the largest intracellular parasites; transmitted through the ingestion of encysted larvae from improperly cooked pork (Examples of intestinal nematodes)
Trichinella spiralis
136
Characterized by myalgia and weakness due to the encystment in muscle tissue (Clinical findings of Trichinella spiralis)
Trichinosis/Trichinellosis
137
Happens when the larvae migrates to the lungs (Clinical findings of Trichinella spiralis)
Löffler syndrome
138
First discovered in Ilocos Sur; caused by ingestion of larvae from raw fish (Examples of intestinal nematodes)
Capillaria philippinensis
139
Characterized by diarrhea and protein-losing enteropathy (Clinical findings of Capillaria philippinensis)
Intestinal capillariasis
140
3 nematodes that reside in the lymphatic system; the death of these worms induce inflammatory response (Examples of filarial nematodes) (WB, BM, BT)
Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori
141
Characterized by lymphangitis, fever, painful lymph nodes, edema, elephantiasis, and hydrocele (Clinical findings of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori)
Lymphatic filariasis
142
Involves morbid gross enlargement of limbs, breasts, and genitalia (Clinical findings of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori)
Elephantiasis
143
Involves swelling in the scrotum when fluid collects in the thin sheath surrounding a testicle (Clinical findings of Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Brugia timori)
Hydrocele
144
Transmitted through the injection of filariform larvae by black fly (Simulium); causes Onchocerciasis (Examples of filarial nematodes)
Onchocerca volvulus
145
Characterized by changes in skin pigment, loss of elastic fivers, "hanging groin", and severe pruritus (Clinical findings of Onchocerca volvulus)
Onchocerciasis
146
Characterized by visual clouding, photophobia, and retinal damage (Clinical findings of Onchocerca volvulus)
River blindness
147
Transmitted through the injection of filariform larvae by mango fly (Chrysops); causes Loiasis (Examples of filarial nematodes)
Loa loa (African eye worm)
148
Characterized by Calabar swellings, subconjunctival migration of an adult worm, and conjunctival irritation (Clinical findings of Loa loa)
Loiasis
149
A tissue nematode that causes Drancunculiasis; caused by ingestion of L3 larvae in copepods in contaminated water (Examples of blood and tissue nematodes)
Dracunculus medinensis
150
Characterized by cutaneous blisters, secondary bacterial infection, sepsis, gangrene, and anaphylaxis (Examples of blood and tissue nematodes)
Drancunculiasis
151
Refers to zoonotic larval nematode infections
Larva migrans
152
Transmitted through percutaneous entry of larvae; causes erythema and papules, and serpiginous tracts of red inflammation (Types of larva migrans)
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM)/Creeping eruptions
153
Cutaneous larva migrans (CLM) is caused by __________
Ancylostoma caninum (Dog hookworm)
154
Transmitted through ingestion of eggs from raw or undercooked fish dishes; causes extreme abdominal pain and small bowel obstruction (Types of larva migrans)
Visceral larva migrans (VLM)
155
Visceral larva migrans (VLM) is caused by __________
Anisakis (Herringworm)
156
Characterized by impaired vision and blindness (Types of larva migrans)
Ocular larva migrans (OLM)
157
Characterized by serious motor dysfunction and blindness (Types of larva migrans)
Neural larva migrans (NLM)
158
Toxocara canis is also known as __________
Dog roundworm
159
Toxocara cati is also known as __________
Cat roundworm
160
Baylisascaris procyonis is also known as __________
Raccoon roundworm
161
Is the largest human trematode; transmitted through ingestion of metacercariae encysted on aquatic vegetation (Examples of intestinal trematodes)
Fasciolopsis buski
162
Common name of Fasciolopsis buski
Giant intestinal fluke
163
Is the smallest human trematode; transmitted through ingestion of metacercariae encysted in undercooked fishes (Examples of intestinal trematodes)
Heterophyes heterophyes
164
Characterized by mucous diarrhea and colicky abdominal pain (Clinical findings of Heterophyes heterophyes)
Heterophyiasis
165
2 tissue trematodes that causes fibrosis and hyperplasia of bile duct; transmitted through ingestion of metacercariae encysted in freshwater fishes (Examples of intestinal trematodes) (CO)
Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini
166
2 common names of Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini (CS)
Chinese liver fluke, Southeast Asian liver fluke
167
Characterized by atrophy of liver parenchyma, portal fibrosis, jaundice, and liver cirrhosis (Clinical findings of Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis viverrini)
Chronic cholangitis
168
A tissue trematode; transmitted through ingestion of metacercariae encysted on aquatic vegetation (Examples of intestinal trematodes)
Fasciola hepatica
169
Common name of Fasciola hepatica
Sheep liver fluke
170
Characterized by inflammation, edema, and fibrosis of bile duct (Clinical findings of Fasciola hepatica)
Fascioliasis
171
A tissue trematode; transmitted through ingestion of metacercariae encysted in crustacean hosts (Examples of intestinal trematodes)
Paragonimus westermani
172
Common name of Paragonimus westermani
Human lung fluke
173
Transmitted through percutaneous entry of cercariae during contact with water; associated with schistosome eggs (Examples of helminths)
Schistosoma
174
Common name of schistosoma
Blood flukes
175
Includes S. mansoni (Intermediate hosts of schistosoma)
Biomphalaria
176
Includes S. japonicum (Intermediate hosts of schistosoma)
Oncomelania
177
Includes S. haematobium, S. intercalatum, and S. guineensis (Intermediate hosts of schistosoma)
Bulinus
178
Characterized by a migratory phase, acute phase, and chronic phase (Clinical findings of Schistosoma)
Schistosomiasis
179
Characterized by headache, chills, fever, diarrhea, and eosinophilia; present in the acute phase of schistosomiasis (Clinical findings of Schistosoma)
Katayama/Snail fever
180
An intestinal cestode; transmitted through ingestion of cysticerci from beef (Examples of cestodes)
Taenia saginata
181
Common name of Taenia saginata
Beef tapeworm
182
An intestinal and tissue cestode; causes intestinal taeniasis and cysticercosis (Examples of cestodes)
Taenia solium
183
Common name of Taenia solium
Pork tapeworm
184
Characterized by vague abdominal discomfort, indigestion, nausea, diarrhea, and weight (Clinical findings of Taenia solium)
Intestinal taeniasis
185
Due to cysticerci in tissues when eggs are ingested (Clinical findings of Taenia solium)
Cysticercosis
186
Most common site of cysticercosis; mostly asymptomatic
Subcutaneous nodules
187
Characterized by acute myositis (Types of cysticercosis)
Muscular cysticercosis
188
Most common and serious form; characterized by headache, nausea, vomiting, mental disturbances, and seizures (Types of cysticercosis)
Neurocysticersosis
189
Characterized by blurred vision or loss of vision, iritis, uveitis, and palpebral conjunctivitis (Types of cysticercosis)
Ocular cysticercosis
190
An intestinal cestode that is the longest tapeworm (>10 cm); is leaf-shaped; transmitted through ingestion of plerocercoids from fish (Examples of cestodes)
Diphyllobothrium latum
191
Common name of Diphyllobothrium latum
Broad fish tapeworm
192
Is the smallest human cestode (4 cm), the most common cestode infection in humans, and the only cestode that complete its life cycle in one host, which is humans (Examples of cestodes)
Hymenolepis nana
193
Common name of Hymenolepis nana
Dwarf tapeworm
194
Is usually asymptomatic or only causes minor intestinal disturbance; characterized by nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and irritability (Clinical findings of Hymenolepis nana)
Hymenolepiasis
195
An intestinal cestode; a cestode of rodents infrequently seen in humans and frequently found in rodents (Examples of cestodes)
Hymenolepis diminuta
196
Common name of Hymenolepis diminuta
Rat tapeworm
197
Disease caused by the ingestion of cysticercoid in infected arthropods (Clinical findings of Hymenolepis diminuta)
Hymenolepiasis
198
An intestinal cestode that infects canids, felids, and pet owners; transmitted through ingestion of cysticercoid in infected fleas (Examples of cestodes)
Dipylidium caninum
199
Common name of Dipylidium caninum
Dog tapeworm
200
A tissue cestode that is a small, 3-segmented tapeworm; humans serve as accidental hosts; transmitted through ingestion of eggs from dog feces (Examples of cestodes)
Echinococcus granulosus
201
Common name of Echinococcus granulosus
Hydatid worm
202
Cyst that is due to larval stage; is fluid-filled and can metastasize to other sites (Clinical findings of Echinococcus granulosus)
Hydatid cyst
203
In a pinworm infection, ____________ may happen when the eggs hatch and reenter the anus
Retroinfection
204
Most infections are acquired by ingestion of the egg or ___________ stage, with the exception of hookworms, threadworms, and schistosomes
Larval stage
205
In __________ infections, the pathology is generally associated with the adult stage
Trematode infections
206
__________ is a cardinal feature of a tissue infection by parasitic worms
Eosinophilia
207
A morbid, gross enlargement of limbs, breasts, and genitalia, which is an immunopathologic response to long-continued filarial infection
Elephantiasis
208
Most helminths do not multiply by asexual replication with the exception of __________, which multiplies asexually within hydatid cysts
Echinococcus granulosus
209
The only intracellular helminth is __________, whose larval stage is intracellular within a muscle cell (known as a nurse cell)
Trichinella
210
__________ is a term used when the larval stage of a nematode that normally infects an animal host migrates throughout human tissues
Larva migrans
211
Diphyllobothrium latum causes __________ anemia because it absorbs vitamin B12
Megaloblastic anemia
