FINAL 04 - Rabies, Slow Virus Infections, and Prions

Question 1

An acute, fulminant, fatal encephalitis caused by the rabies virus; transmitted through the bite of a rabid animal

Answer 1

Rabies

Question 2

Causative agent of rabies

Answer 2

Rabies virus (Rhabdoviridae family)

Question 3

A family of rod or bullet-shaped viruses

Answer 3

Rhabdoviridae

Question 4

Retrograde fast axonal transport (Rabies pathogenesis)

Answer 4

Centripetal

Question 5

Fast axonal transport (Rabies pathogenesis)

Answer 5

Centrifugal

Question 6

Incubation period of rabies

Answer 6

1-3 months

Question 7

2 phases of rabies (PN)

Answer 7

Prodromal, Neurologic

Question 8

Characterized by malaise, anorexia, headache, photophobia, nausea and vomiting, sore throat, and fever (Phases of rabies)

Answer 8

Prodromal phase

Question 9

Characterized by encephalitic/furious rabies and paralytic/dumb/apathetic rabies (Phases of rabies)

Answer 9

Neruologic phase

Question 10

Characterized by nervousness, hydrophobia, aerophobia, and painful spasm of throat muscles during swallowing due to brainstem involvement (Neurologic phase of rabies)

Answer 10

Encephalitic/furious rabies (80%)

Question 11

Characterized by flaccid muscle weakness, from the bitten extremity to quadriparesis and facial weakness (Neurologic phase of rabies)

Answer 11

Paralytic/dumb/apathetic rabies (20%)

Question 12

__________ or __________ animals are sacrificed immediately for laboratory examination of neural tissues (RS)

Answer 12

Rabid, Suspected rabid

Question 13

Other animals suspected for rabies are held for observation for __________ days

Answer 13

10 days

Question 14

__________ of brain tissue of captured and euthanized animal is done for rabies diagnosis

Answer 14

Direct fluorescent antibody testing

Question 15

Touching or feeding animals, licks on intact skin (WHO categories for rabies)

Answer 15

Category I

Question 16

Nibbling of uncovered skin, minor scratches or abrasions without bleeding (WHO categories for rabies)

Answer 16

Category II

Question 17

Single or multiple transdermal bites or scratches, licks on broken skin, contamination of mucous membrane with saliva from licks, contact with bats (WHO categories for rabies)

Answer 17

Category III

Question 18

Grown from cell lines (Rabies vaccine)

Answer 18

Human diploid cell vaccine (HDCV)

Question 19

Grown in chicken fibroblasts (Rabies vaccine)

Answer 19

Purified chick embryo cell vaccine (PCEC)

Question 20

Antibody derived from humans (Anti-rabies IG)

Answer 20

Rabies immune globulin (HRIG)

Question 21

Antibody derived from equine sources; used when HRIG is not available (Anti-rabies IG)

Answer 21

Antirabies serum

Question 22

Are proteinaceous infectious particles

Answer 22

Prions

Question 23

Protein found in normal brain tissue of mammals

Answer 23

Prion protein (PrP)

Question 24

Protein wherein α-helices are replaced by β-sheets; is highly resistant to proteolytic degredation

Answer 24

PrPSc (Scrapie)

Question 25

Characterized by neurodegeneration and spongiform changes; has long incubation periods followed by chronic progressive disease and is always fatal (Clinical findings of prions)

Answer 25

Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE)

Question 26

TSE that affects sheep and goats (Clinical findings of prions)

Answer 26

Scrapie

Question 27

TSE that affects cattle (Clinical findings of prions)

Answer 27

Bovine spongiform encephalopathy (Mad cow disease)

Question 28

TSE that affects humans and is due to cannibalism (Clinical findings of prions)

Answer 28

Kuru

Question 29

TSE that affects humans and develops gradually, with progressive dementia, ataxia, and myoclonus; leads to death in 5-12 months (Clinical findings of prions)

Answer 29

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)

Question 30

2 viruses that are members of Retroviridae; affects sheep and causes demyelination in the CNS (VM)

Answer 30

Visna, Maedi

Question 31

Caused by the measles virus, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family; causes slowly progressive demyelination in the CNS ending in death (Slow virus infections)

Answer 31

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis

Question 32

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by the ___________, a member of the Paramyxoviridae family

Answer 32

Measles virus

Question 33

Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis is caused by the measles virus, a member of the __________ family

Answer 33

Paramyxoviridae

Question 34

Caused by JC virus, a member of Polyomaviridae; a CNS complication that occurs in some immunosuppressed individuals and causes demyelination in the CNS (Slow virus infections)

Answer 34

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy

Question 35

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by the __________, a member of the Polyomaviridae family

Answer 35

JC virus

Question 36

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is caused by the JC virus, a member of the __________ family

Answer 36

Polyomaviridae