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CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > FINAL 05 - HIV and Oncogenic Viruses > Flashcards

FINAL 05 - HIV and Oncogenic Viruses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

A virus that is transmitted sexually, parenterally, and vertically; originated from cross-species infections by simian viruses in rural Africa

A

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

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2
Q

HIV is from the genus __________, a member of the family Retroviridae

A

Lentivirus

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3
Q

HIV is from the genus Lentivirus, a member of the family __________

A

Retroviridae

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4
Q

2 subtypes of HIV

A

HIV-1, HIV-2

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5
Q

Target host cell of HIV

A

CD4+ cells

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6
Q

Attachment protein (HIV virulence factors)

A

gp120

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7
Q

Fusion protein (HIV virulence factors)

A

gp41

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8
Q

Converts RNA to DNA (HIV virulence factors)

A

Reverse transcriptase

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9
Q

Incorporates viral DNA to host DNA (HIV virulence factors)

A

Integrase

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10
Q

Cleave the viral gag and gag-pol polypeptide precursors to form the mature virion (HIV virulence factors)

A

Protease

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11
Q

Phase 1 of HIV

A

Acute HIV infection

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12
Q

Phase 2 of HIV

A

Clinical latency

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13
Q

Phase 3 of HIV

A

Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

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14
Q

Occurs 2-4 weeks after exposure; characterized by flu-like symptoms and lymphadenopathy (Phases of HIV)

A

Phase 1 (Acute HIV infection)

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15
Q

In phase 1 (Acute HIV infection), laboratory tests show __________ CD4+ cells/µL

A

≥500

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16
Q

Refers to asymptomatic HIV infection or chronic HIV infection; CD4+ declines and virus increases (Phases of HIV)

A

Phase 2 (Clinical latency)

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17
Q

In phase 2 (Clinical latency), laboratory tests show __________ CD4+ cells/µL

A

200-499

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18
Q

Presence of at least 1 AIDS-defining condition (Phases of HIV)

A

Stage 3 (Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome [AIDS])

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19
Q

In phase 3 (AIDS), laboratory tests show __________ CD4+ cells/µL

A

<200

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20
Q

Used as screening test for HIV

A

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

21
Q

Used as confirmatory test for HIV

A

Western blot

22
Q

Prevention for HIV

A

ABC approach (Abstinence, Be faithful, Condom use)

23
Q

Treatment for HIV

A

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART)

24
Q

A multistep process that usually develop slowly; involves activation of multiple cellular oncogenes

A

Carcinogenesis

25
Q

Viruses can cause ___________

A

Cancer

26
Q

__________ are viruses that establish persistent infections

A

Tumor viruses

27
Q

__________ are factors that are important determinants of virus tumorigenesis

A

Host factors

28
Q

Introduction of transforming genes; highly oncogenic (Types of viruses as carcinogens)

A

Direct-acting

29
Q

Alteration of the expression of pre-existing cellular genes; weakly oncogenic (Types of viruses as carcinogens)

A

Indirect-acting

30
Q

Genes that require only 1 allele to be mutated; occurs only in somatic cells (cannot be inherited); caused by RNA viruses

A

Oncogenes

31
Q

Genes that require both alleles to be mutated; occurs in somatic and germ cells (can be inherited); caused by DNA viruses

A

Tumor suppressor genes

32
Q

Papillomaviridae (DNA or RNA oncogenic virus)

A

DNA

33
Q

Polyomaviridae (DNA or RNA oncogenic virus)

A

DNA

34
Q

Adenoviridae (DNA or RNA oncogenic virus)

A

DNA

35
Q

Herpesviridae (DNA or RNA oncogenic virus)

A

DNA

36
Q

Hepadnaviridae (DNA or RNA oncogenic virus)

A

DNA

37
Q

Poxviridae (DNA or RNA oncogenic virus)

A

DNA

38
Q

Retroviridae (DNA or RNA oncogenic virus)

A

RNA

39
Q

Flaviviridae (DNA or RNA oncogenic virus)

A

RNA

40
Q

A virus that is a member of Papillomaviridae (formerly Papovaviridae); transmitted through direct contact

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

41
Q

Patient is placed in lithotomy position; cells are scraped from the cervix (HPV diagnosis)

A

Papanicolau (Pap) smear

42
Q

In Pap smear, the presence of vacuolated or inclusion-bearing cells called __________ are tested

A

Koilocytes

43
Q

For ___________ to __________ y/o, Pap testing every 3 years w/o HPV DNA testing is recommended

A

21-29 y/o

44
Q

For 21-29 y/o, Pap testing every __________ years w/o HPV DNA testing is recommended

A

3 years

45
Q

Treatment for HPV skin warts

A

Freezing (Liquid nitrogen)

46
Q

Treatment for HPV cervical dysplasia (genital warts)

A

Laser treatment

47
Q

3 preventions for HPV (CCG)

A

Condom, Cervarix, Gardasil

48
Q

HPV vaccines are given for __________ to __________ year old children

A

11-12 year old

49
Q

HPV vaccines can be given to children as early as __________ years old

A

9 years old

CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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