MIDTERM 02 - Gram-Negative Coccobacilli and Cocci Flashcards
A species of gram-negative coccobacilli found on the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract
Haemophilus sp.
Enriched medium for Haemophilus sp.
Chocolate agar plate
An enriched medium for Haemophilus sp. that is made up RBCs that are lysed by slowly heating it to 80°C
Chocolate agar plate
Contains a polysaccharide capsule; has 6 types, from A-F (Haemophilus species)
Haemophilus influenzae/ Pfeiffer’s bacillus
Contains polyribitol ribose phosphate (PRP); is the major virulence factor of Haemophilus influenzae
Type B Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae was the most common cause of __________ and __________ in children during the pre-vaccine era
Bacterial meningitis, Community-acquired pneumonia
Haemophilus influenzae is the second most common cause of __________ and __________ (OA)
Otitis media, Acute sinusitis
Now rare; characterized by high fever, sore throat, dyspnea, and rapidly progressing respiratory obstruction (Clinical findings of Haemophilus influenzae)
Acute epiglottitis
2 treatments for Haemophilus influenzae (CC)
3rd-generation cephalosporins, Carbapenems
Prevention for Haemophilus influenzae
Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) conjugated vaccine
Most common Haemophilus species isolated from cases of HACEK endocarditis (Haemophilus species)
Haemophilus parainfluenzae
A group of fastidious, slow-growing, gram-negative bacteria; causes severe systemic infections
HACEK group
Associated with the highly communicable form of conjunctivitis (pinkeye) in children (Haemophilus species)
Haemophilus aegyptius/Koch-Weeks bacillus
Causes chancroid (soft chancre), an STD characterized by a ragged ulcer on the genitalia, with marked swelling and tenderness (Haemophilus species)
Haemophilus ducreyi
An STD characterized by a ragged ulcer on the genitalia, with marked swelling and tenderness (Clinical findings of Haemophilus ducreyi)
Chancroid (Soft chancre)
A gram-negative coccobacilli that is cultured in Bordet-Gengou medium and Regan-Lowe medium
Bordetella pertussis
2 media used to culture Bordetella pertussis (BR)
Bordet-Gengou medium, Regan-Lowe medium
Media used for culturing Bordetella pertussis that is composed of potato-blood-glycerol agar and penicillin
Bordet-Gengou medium
Media used for culturing Bordetella pertussis that is composed of charcoal horse blood-cephalexin-amphotericin B
Regan-Lowe medium
Used for adhesion to ciliated epithelial cells and tracheal colonization (Bordetella pertussis virulence factors)
Filamentous hemagglutinin & fimbriae
Promotes lymphocytosis, sensitization to histamine, and enhanced insulin secretion (Bordetella pertussis virulence factors)
Pertussis toxin
Damages and kills respiratory ciliated epithelial cells, resulting in the inability to move mucus (Bordetella pertussis virulence factors)
Tracheal cytotoxin & Lipooligosaccharide
A respiratory illness caused by Bordetella pertussis that has a catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescence stage (Clinical findings of Bordetella pertussis)
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Occurs after a 2 week incubation period; characterized by mild coughing and sneezing, and the patient is highly infectious but not very ill (Stages of pertussis)
Catarrhal stage
Characterized by explosive cough, with “whoop” upon inhalation, and lymphocytosis (Stages of pertussis)
Paroxysmal stage
Treatment for Bordetella pertussis in the catarrhal stage
Erythromycin
Treatment for Bordetella pertussis used to prevent anoxic damage
O2 inhalation and sedation
3 vaccines used for Bordetella pertussis prevention
DPT, DTap, Tdap
Refers to the whole inactivated pertussis vaccine (Bordetella pertussis prevention)
DPT
Refers to the acellular pertussis vaccine with inactivated pertussis toxin; has fewer side effects but more expensive (Bordetella pertussis prevention)
DTap
Refers to the vaccine that has smaller concentration of diphtheria toxoids and pertussis antigens (Bordetella pertussis prevention)
Tdap
A gram-negative coccobacilli that is zoonotic and are obligate intracellular parasites of animals and humans
Brucella sp.
Preferred host of Brucella melitensis
Goats
Preferred host of Brucella suis
Swine
Preferred host of Brucella abortus
Cattle
Preferred host of Brucella canis
Dogs
Through cuts or abrasions in the skin or of the conjunctiva (Brucella sp. transmission)
Inoculation