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[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > MIDTERM 10 - Introduction to Viruses > Flashcards

MIDTERM 10 - Introduction to Viruses Flashcards

1
Q

100 years ago, researchers couldn’t imagine submicroscopic particles, so they described the infectious agent as __________

A

Contagium vivum fluidum

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2
Q

__________, an American chemist, isolated tobacco mosaic virus in 1935

A

Wendell Stanley

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3
Q

Wendell Stanley, an American chemist, isolated __________ in 1935

A

Tobacco mosaic virus

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4
Q

Wendell Stanley, an American chemist, isolated tobacco mosaic virus in __________

A

1935

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5
Q

Are acellular obligate intracellular parasites that are 20 to 300 nm thick

A

Viruses

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6
Q

2 components of the virus structure (NE)

A

Nucleocapsid, Envelope

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7
Q

A protein-nucleic acid complex representing the packaged form of the viral genome (Components of the viral structure)

A

Nucleocapsid

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8
Q

Contains the genetic material, either DNA or RNA (Components of nucleocapsid)

A

Nucleic acid core

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9
Q

Coat that encloses the viral genome (Components of nucleocapsid)

A

Capsid/Protein coat

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10
Q

Are protein subunits that comprise the capsid

A

Capsomeres

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11
Q

A lipid-containing membrane that surrounds the nucleocapsid of some viruses (Components of the viral structure)

A

Envelope

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12
Q

Other name for glycoprotein spikes found in the surface of the virus; used for attachment to target cell receptors

A

Peplomers

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13
Q

3 types of virus symmetry (IHC)

A

Icosahedral/Cubic, Helical, Complex

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14
Q

Has 20 faces and 12 vertices; usually appear spherical and can be observed in DNA and RNA viruses (Types of virus symmetry)

A

Icosahedral/Cubic

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15
Q

Resemble long rods that may be rigid or flexible; can be observed in RNA viruses (Types of virus symmetry)

A

Helical

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16
Q

Has a complicated structure (Types of virus symmetry)

A

Complex

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17
Q

Refers to the complete, mature virus particle which contains the nucleocapsid and envelope

A

Virion

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18
Q

Refers to the single stranded naked RNA that is only 300 to 400 nucleotides long and has no protein coat

A

Viroid

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19
Q

Refers to a proteinaceous infectious particle that is highly resistant to inactivation by heat, formaldehyde, and UV light that inactivate viruses

A

Prion

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20
Q

Refers to a single folded viral polypeptide chain

A

Subunit

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21
Q

Based on virion morphology, genome structure, and strategies of replication (Viral taxonomy)

A

Family (ends in -viridae)

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22
Q

Based on biological, genomic, physicochemical, or serologic differences (Viral taxonomy)

A

Genus (ends in -virus)

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23
Q

Share the same genetic information and ecological niche; has descriptive common names (Viral taxonomy)

A

Species

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24
Q

Family of medium-sized viruses that cause various respiratory infections in humans; some cause tumors in animals (Viruses with double-stranded DNA; nonenveloped)

A

Adenoviridae

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25
Q

Family of small viruses that cause warts and cervical and anal cancer in humans (Viruses with double-stranded DNA; nonenveloped)

A

Papovaviridae

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26
Q

Family of very large, complex, brick-shaped viruses that cause smallpox, molluscum contagiosum, and cowpox (Viruses with double-stranded DNA; enveloped)

A

Poxviridae

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27
Q

Family of medium-sized viruses that cause various human diseases such as fever blisters, chickenpox, shingles and infectious mononucleosis; causes a type of human cancer called Burkitt’s lymphoma (Viruses with double-stranded DNA; enveloped)

A

Herpesviridae

28
Q

Family of viruses that causes Fifth disease and anemia in immunocompromised patients (Viruses with single-stranded DNA; nonenveloped)

A

Parvoviridae

29
Q

Family of viruses that causes generally mild respiratory infections transmitted by arthropods; Colorado tick fever is the best-known (Viruses with double-stranded RNA; nonenveloped)

A

Reoviridae

30
Q

Family of viruses that includes the polio-, coxsackie-, and echoviruses, are the most common cause of colds (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ + strand; nonenveloped)

A

Picornaviridae

31
Q

Family of viruses that include causes of gastroenteritis and hepatitis E (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ + strand; nonenveloped)

A

Caliciviridae

32
Q

Family of viruses that include those viruses transmitted by arthropods, diseases include eastern equine encephalitis, western equine encephalitis, and chikungunya (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ + strand; enveloped)

A

Togaviridae

33
Q

Family of viruses that can replicate in arthropods that transmit them; diseases include yellow fever, dengue, Zika, and West Nile encephalitis (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ + strand; enveloped)

A

Flaviviridae

34
Q

Family of viruses that are associated with upper respiratory tract infections and the common cold; includes the SARS virus and MERS-CoV (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ + strand; enveloped)

A

Coronaviridae

35
Q

Family of bullet-shaped viruses with a spiked enveloped; causes rabies and numerous animal diseases (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ - strand; has one strand of DNA and is enveloped)

A

Rhabdoviridae

36
Q

Family of enveloped, helical viruses; includes Ebola and Marburg (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ - strand; has one strand of DNA and is enveloped)

A

Filoviridae

37
Q

Family of viruses that cause parainfluenza, mumps, and Newcastle disease in chickens (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ - strand; has one strand of DNA and is enveloped)

A

Paramyxoviridae

38
Q

Family of viruses that depend on coinfection with hepadnavirus (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ - strand; has virusoid or satellite RNA)

A

Deltaviridae

39
Q

Family of viruses that have envelope spikes that can agglutinate red blood cells (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ - strand; has multiple strands of DNA and is enveloped)

A

Orthomyxoviridae

40
Q

Family of viruses that can cause hemorrhagic fevers such as Korean hemorrhagic fever and Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome; commonly associated with rodents (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ - strand; has multiple strands of DNA and is enveloped)

A

Bunyaviridae

41
Q

Family of viruses that has helical capsids that contain DNA-containing granules; causes lymphocytic choriomeningitis, Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever, and Lassa fever (Viruses with single-stranded RNA w/ - strand; has multiple strands of DNA and is enveloped)

A

Arenaviridae

42
Q

Family of viruses that include all RNA tumor viruses; can cause leukemia and tumors in animals (Viruses with single-stranded RNA, produce DNA, and is enveloped)

A

Retroviridae

43
Q

Family of viruses that causes hepatitis B and liver tumors (Viruses with double-stranded DNA, use reverse transcriptase, and is enveloped)

A

Hepadnaviridae

44
Q

2 cycles involved in the viral multiplication of bacteriophages (LL)

A

Lytic cycle, Lysogenic cycle

45
Q

Cycle that ends with the lysis and death of the host cell (Cycles involved in the viral multiplication of bacteriophages)

A

Lytic cycle

46
Q

Cycle where the host cell remains alive (Cycles involved in the viral multiplication of bacteriophages)

A

Lysogenic cycle

47
Q

Phage attaches to the host cell (Stages of the lytic cycle)

A

Attachment

48
Q

Phage penetrates the host cell and injects its DNA (Stages of the lytic cycle)

A

Penetration

49
Q

Phage DNA directs synthesis of viral components by the host cell (Stages of the lytic cycle)

A

Biosynthesis

50
Q

Viral components are assembled into virions (Stages of the lytic cycle)

A

Maturation

51
Q

Host cell lyses, and new virions and released (Stages of the lytic cycle)

52
Q

Are viruses that can be grown either in suspensions of bacteria in liquid media or in bacterial cultures on solid media

A

Bacteriophages

53
Q

Refers to cells grown in culture media in the laboratory

54
Q

2 types of cell line (PC)

A

Primary, Continuous

55
Q

Cell line derived from tissue slices; dies out after only a few generations (Types of cell line)

A

Primary cell line

56
Q

Cell line derived from human embryos; lasts about 100 generations (Example of primary cell line)

A

Diploid cell lines

57
Q

Cell line that are transformed (cancerous); has an indefinite number of generations (immortal cell line) (Types of cell line)

A

Continuous cell line

58
Q

Cell line that is isolated from the cancer of Henrietta Lacks (Example of continuous cell line)

A

HeLa cell line

59
Q

Effects that involve the deterioration of cell monolayer caused by viruses

A

Cytopathic effects (CPE)

60
Q

Serological methods, such as __________, are the most commonly used means of viral identification

A

Western blotting

61
Q

Visible signs of viral infections are called __________

A

Cytopathic effects (CPE)

62
Q

Effects of viral infections that involve cell death

A

Cytocidal effects

63
Q

Effects of viral infections that involve cell damage but not death

A

Noncytocidal effects

64
Q

__________ are cytokines that are central to the antiviral innate immune response of the host

A

Interferons

65
Q

Refers to the process of virus mediated gene transfer

A

Transduction

66
Q

Means capable of giving rise to several different cell types

A

Pluripotent

[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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