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CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > MIDTERM 06 - Spirochetes > Flashcards

MIDTERM 06 - Spirochetes Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Are a large, heterogenous group of long, slender, helically coiled, spiral, or corkscrew-shaped bacilli

A

Spirochetes

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2
Q

Are flagella-like organelles in the periplasmic space encased by the outer membrane; present in spirochetes

A

Axial filaments/Endoflagella

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3
Q

Spirochetes reproduce by __________

A

Transverse fission

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4
Q

Are motile, rotating steadily around their endoflagella even attaching to cells by their tapered ends; viewed by darkfield microscopy (Examples of spirochetes)

A

Treponema pallidum

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5
Q

Characterized by a primary, secondary, latent, and tertiary stage (Clinical findings of Treponema pallidum)

A

Acquired syphilis

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6
Q

Characterized by a hard chancre; always heals; occurs 2-10 weeks after infection (Stages of acquired syphilis)

A

Primary

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7
Q

An ulcer with a clean, hard base; present in the primary stage of acquired syphilis

A

Hard chancre

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8
Q

Characterized by a red maculopapular rash and condyloma lata; subsides spontaneously; occurs 2-10 weeks later (Stages of acquired syphilis)

A

Secondary

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9
Q

Are moist, pale papules in the anogenital region, axillae, and mouth; present in the secondary stage of acquired syphilis

A

Condyloma lata

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10
Q

Can occur up to 10 years (Stages of acquired syphilis)

A

Latent

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11
Q

Characterized by gummas, neurosyphilis, aortic aneurysm, and aortic valve insufficiency (Stages of acquired syphilis)

A

Tertiary

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12
Q

Are granulomatous lesions in the skin, bones, and liver; present in the tertiary stage of acquired syphilis

A

Gummas

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13
Q

Characterized by degenerative changes in the central nervous system; present in the tertiary stage of acquire syphilis

A

Neurosyphilis

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14
Q

Occurs as an intrauterine infection; can lead to miscarriage and stillbirth (Clinical findings of Treponema pallidum)

A

Congenital syphilis

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15
Q

Characterized by a combination of these three symptoms: Hutchinson’s teeth, interstitial keratitis, and CN VII deafness; present in congenital syphilis

A

Hutchinson’s triad

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16
Q

2 tests used for diagnosis of Treponema pallidum (NT)

A

Nontreponemal, Treponemal

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17
Q

A screening test; measures antibodies to cardiolipin (released by damaged cells) (Tests for Treponema pallidum)

A

Nontreponemal tests

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18
Q

2 examples of nontreponemal tests (RT)

A

RPR, TRUST

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19
Q

Confirmatory test; measures antibodies against Treponema pallidum antigens (Tests for Treponema pallidum)

A

Treponemal tests

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20
Q

2 examples of treponemal tests (TF)

A

TP-PA, FTA-ABS

21
Q

Treatment/Drug of choice for Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin G

22
Q

Reaction in response to lipoproteins released by dying Treponema pallidum organisms; characterized by fever, chills, and myalgia

A

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

23
Q

Caused by T. pallidum ssp. endemicum; transmitted through shared utensils and is characterized by oral lesions, oral papules, and gummas of skin, bones, and nasopharynx (Clinical findings of Treponema pallidum)

A

Bejel/Endemic syphilis

24
Q

Caused by T. pallidum ssp. pertunuae; transmitted through direct contact and is characterized by ulcerating papules and destructive lesions (Clinical findings of Treponema pallidum)

A

Yaws

25
Q

Transmitted through human body louse; causes relapsing fever (Borrelia species)

A

Borrelia recurrentis

26
Q

Due to antigenic variation; characterized by sudden onset fever with chills and an abrupt rise of temperature (Clinical findings of Borrelia recurrentis)

A

Relapsing fever

27
Q

Transmitted through Ixodes tick; causes Lyme disease (Borrelia species)

A

Borrelia burgdorferi

28
Q

Disease caused by Borrelia burgdorferi; has 3 stages (Clinical findings of Borrelia burgdorferi)

A

Lyme disease

29
Q

Characterized by erythema migrans and flu-like symptoms (Stages of Lyme disease)

A

Stage 1

30
Q

Is a flat, reddened area which slowly expands with central clearing; present in the stage 1 of Lyme disease

A

Erythema migrans

31
Q

Characterized by arthralgia, arthritis, meningitis, facial nerve palsy, and cardiac disease (Stages of Lyme disease)

A

Stage 2

32
Q

Characterized by chronic skin, nervous system, or joint involvement (Stages of Lyme disease)

A

Stage 3

33
Q

Tightly coiled, thin, flexible motile spirochetes, with very fine spirals, one end is often bent, forming a hook; viewed by darkfield microscopy (Examples of spirochetes)

A

Leptospira interrogans

34
Q

Is biphasic and self-limiting; characterized by an acute/septicemic phase and immune phase (Clinical findings of Leptospirosis)

A

Anicteric leptospirosis

35
Q

Characterized by leptospiremia, flu-like, headache, cough, non-pruritic rash, fever, rigors, muscle pain, anorexia, and diarrhea (Phases of anicteric leptospirosis)

A

Acute/septicemic phase

36
Q

Characterized by leptospiruria, aseptic meningitis, and increased IgM (Phases of anicteric leptospirosis)

A

Immune phase

37
Q

Characterized by a triad of hemorrhage, jaundice, and acute kidney injury (Clinical findings of Leptospira interrogans)

A

Icteric leptospirosis/Weil syndrome

38
Q

3 treatments for Leptospira interrogans (DAA)

A

Doxycycline, Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

39
Q

Borrelia burgdorferi is transmitted through __________

A

Ixodes tick

40
Q

Disease named after Lyme, Connecticut where cases first appeared in 1975 (Clinical findings of Borrelia burgdorferi)

A

Lyme disease

41
Q

Leptospirosis that has no presence of jaundice

A

Anicteric leptospirosis

42
Q

Leptospirosis that has presence of jaundice

A

Icteric leptospirosis/Weil syndrome

43
Q

Drug for leptospirosis that must not be taken by pregnant women; it leads to bone deformities

A

Doxycycline

44
Q

2 genus under the family Spirochaetaceae (TB)

A

Treponema, Borrelia

45
Q

Genus under the family Leptospiraceae

A

Leptospira

46
Q

2 clinical findings of Treponema pallidum (VN)

A

Venereal, Non-venereal

47
Q

2 antigenic structures of Treponema pallidum (HC)

A

Hyaluronidase, Cardiolipin

48
Q

Transmission vector for Borrelia recurrentis

A

Human body louse

49
Q

Transmission vector for Borrelia burgdorferi

A

Ixodes tick

CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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