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CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > FINAL 08 - Mycoses > Flashcards

FINAL 08 - Mycoses Flashcards

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1
Q

Refers to mycoses localized along hair shafts and in superficial epidermal cells (Types of mycoses)

A

Superficial mycoses

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2
Q

A chronic superficial infection of the stratum corneum; characterized by discrete, serpentine, hyper or hypopigmented maculae that develop on the skin (Examples of superficial mycoses)

A

Pityriasis versicolor

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3
Q

Common name of pityriasis versicolor

A

Tinea versicolor

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4
Q

3 causative agents of pityriasis versicolor (Tinea versicolor) (MG, MF, MS)

A

Malassezia globosa, Malassezia furfur, Malassezia sympodialis

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5
Q

2 diagnostic tests for pityriasis versicolor (KW)

A

KOH mount, Wood lamp

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6
Q

The short, unbranched, nonpigmented hyphae and round spores that can be found in a KOH mount used to diagnose pityriasis versicolor resemble ____________

A

Spaghetti and meatballs

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7
Q

2 treatments for pityriasis versicolor (ST)

A

Selenium sulfide, Topical/oral azole

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8
Q

A chronic and asymptomatic infection of the stratum corneum; characterized by dark discoloration often on the palm (Examples of superficial mycoses)

A

Tinea nigra

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9
Q

Common name of tinea nigra

A

Tinea nigra palmaris

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10
Q

Causative agent of Tinea nigra; a dematiaceous fungi

A

Hortaea werneckii

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11
Q

3 treatments for Tinea nigra (KSA)

A

Keratolytic solutions, Salicylic acid, Azole antifungals

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12
Q

Characterized by a nodular infection of the hair shaft (Examples of superficial mycoses)

A

Black piedra

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13
Q

Causative agent of black piedra; a dematiaceous fungi

A

Piedraia hortae

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14
Q

Characterized by larger, softer, yellowish nodules on the hair shaft (Examples of superficial mycoses)

A

White piedra

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15
Q

Causative agent of white piedra

A

Trichosporon sp.

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16
Q

Refers to mycoses in keratinized tissues such as skin, hair, and nails; transmitted through direct contact (Types of mycoses)

A

Cutaneous mycoses

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17
Q

Was mistaken for ringworm or tinea; characterized by raised circular lesions (Examples of cutaneous mycoses)

A

Dermatophytosis

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18
Q

Causative agent of dermatophytosis

A

Dermatophytes (such as Microsporum, Trichophyton, Epidermophyton sp.)

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19
Q

Means soil-loving; dermatophytes that cause acute infections

A

Geophilic

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20
Q

Means animal-loving; dermatophytes that cause acute infections

A

Zoophilic

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21
Q

Means human-loving; dermatophytes that cause chronic infections

A

Anthropophilic

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22
Q

Tinea capitis (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Scalp hair

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23
Q

Tinea barbae (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Beard

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24
Q

Tinea faciei (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Face

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25
Q

Tinea manuum (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Hands

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26
Q

Tinea unguium (onychomycosis) (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Nails

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27
Q

Tinea corporis (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Trunk

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28
Q

Tinea imbricata (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Trunk and limbs (in concentric/annular pattern)

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29
Q

Tinea cruris (jock itch) (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Groin

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30
Q

Tinea pedis (athlete’s foot) (Location of dermatophytosis)

A

Feet

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31
Q

Dermatophytosis is diagnosed using a __________ mount

A

KOH mount

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32
Q

Occurs in broad-spectrum antibiotic overuse; risk factors include AIDS, pregnancy, and diabetes (Examples of cutaneous mycoses)

A

Candidiasis

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33
Q

Common name of candidiasis

A

Moniliasis

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34
Q

Causative agent of candidiasis

A

Candida albicans

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35
Q

Candidiasis is diagnosed using a __________ mount

A

KOH mount

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36
Q

Characterized by white, adherent, painless, discrete, or confluent patches of whitish pseudomembranes (Types of candidiasis)

A

Thrush

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37
Q

Characterized by irritation, pruritus, and vaginal discharge (Types of candidiasis)

A

Vulvovaginitis

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38
Q

Characterized by painful swelling at the nail-skin interface (Types of candidiasis)

A

Paronychia

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39
Q

Characterized by painful, erythematous swelling of the nail fold that may destroy the nail (Types of candidiasis)

A

Onychomycosis

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40
Q

Characterized by erythematous irritation with redness and pustules in skin folds (Types of candidiasis)

A

Intertrigo

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41
Q

Characterized by erythematous-pustular infection of the glans penis (Types of candidiasis)

A

Balanitis

42
Q

Is an infection between the digits of the hands or toes (Types of candidiasis)

A

Erosio interdigitalis blastomycetica

43
Q

Is a common, erythematous, pustular, perineal infection in infants (Types of candidiasis)

A

Diaper rash

44
Q

2 treatments for candidiasis (TO)

A

Topical nystatin, Oral ketoconazole/fluconazole

45
Q

Refers to the formation of granulomatous candidial lesions on any or all cutaneous and/or mucosal surfaces (Examples of cutaneous mycoses)

A

Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (CMC)

46
Q

Refers to mycoses in tissues beneath the skin (Types of mycoses)

A

Subcutaneous mycoses

47
Q

A chronic granulomatous infection typically followed by a secondary spread with involvement of the draining lymphatics and lymph nodes (Examples of subcutaneous mycoses)

A

Sporotrichosis

48
Q

Common name of sporotrichosis

A

Rose gardener’s disease

49
Q

Causative agent of sporotrichosis; a dimorphic fungi

A

Sporothrix schenckii

50
Q

Nodule that may progress to a necrotic or ulcerative lesion (Clinical findings of Sporothrix schenckii)

A

Lymphocutaneous-granulomatous nodule

51
Q

Mimics chronic cavitary tuberculosis when inhaled by those with impaired cellular immunity (Clinical findings of Sporothrix schenckii)

A

Primary pulmonary sporotrichosis

52
Q

Sporothrix schenckii is a __________ yeast, often with surrounding asteroid body

A

Cigar-shaped yeast

53
Q

A subcutaneous mycotic infection caused by traumatic inoculation of fungi, which reside in soil and vegetation (Examples of subcutaneous mycoses)

A

Chromoblastomycosis

54
Q

Common name of chromoblastomycosis

A

Chromomycosis

55
Q

Chromoblastomycosis is diagnosed using a __________ mount

A

KOH mount

56
Q

Characterized by a presence of darkly pigmented septate hyphae in tissue; appears as a solitary encapsulated cyst and can lead to sinusitis and brain abscess (Examples of subcutaneous mycoses)

A

Phaeohyphomycosis

57
Q

A chronic subcutaneous infection induced by traumatic inoculation with fungi or actinomycetous bacteria (Examples of subcutaneous mycoses)

A

Mycetoma

58
Q

Refers to mycoses that affects many organs deep within the body; is transmitted through inhalation and caused by dimorphic fungi (Types of mycoses)

A

Primary systemic mycoses

59
Q

May be asymptomatic; is also characterized by self-limited influenza-like illness with fever, malaise, cough, arthralgia, and headache (Examples of primary systemic mycoses)

A

Coccidioidomycosis

60
Q

2 common names of coccidioidomycosis (SD)

A

San Joaquin valley fever, Desert rheumatism

61
Q

2 causative agents of coccidioidomycosis (CP, CI)

A

Coccidioides posadasii, Coccidioides immitis

62
Q

Refers to arthroconidia that enlarge, become rounded, develop internal septations, and contain endospores; present in coccidioidomycosis

A

Spherules

63
Q

The most prevalent pulmonary fungal infection in humans and animals; transmitted from bird and bat guano (Examples of primary systemic mycoses)

A

Histoplasmosis

64
Q

Common name of histoplasmosis

A

Spelunker’s disease

65
Q

Causative agent of histoplasmosis; a facultative intracellular parasite that is able to replicate within alveolar macrophages

A

Histoplasma capsulatum

66
Q

Histoplasmosis can become __________ in the immunosuppressed

A

Progressive disseminated histoplasmosis (PDH)

67
Q

A chronic infection with granulomatous and suppurative lesions that is initiated in the lungs (Examples of primary systemic mycoses)

A

Blastomycosis

68
Q

2 common names of blastomycosis (NG)

A

North American blastomycosis, Gilchrist disease

69
Q

Causative agent of blastomycosis

A

Blastomyces dermatitidis

70
Q

Characterized by fever, malaise, night sweats, cough, and myalgias (Clinical findings of Blastomyces dermatitidis)

A

Acute LRTI

71
Q

Characterized by a pyogranulomatous reaction with neutrophils and noncaseating granulomas (Clinical findings of Blastomyces dermatitidis)

A

Chronic pneumonia

72
Q

Blastomycosis that affects the skin, bone, CNS, larynx, and GUT (Clinical findings of Blastomyces dermatitidis)

A

Disseminated blastomycosis

73
Q

Comes in an acute/juvenile form and chronic adult form; is treated using an oral or systemic antifungal (Examples of primary systemic mycoses)

A

Paracoccidioidomycosis

74
Q

Common name of paracoccidioidomycosis

A

South American blastomycosis

75
Q

Causative agent of paracoccidioidomycosis

A

Paracoccidioides brasiliensis

76
Q

Paracoccidioidomycosis is diagnosed using a __________ mount

A

KOH mount

77
Q

Uncommon, usually <30 years old; is a disseminated infection of the reticuloendothelial system (Forms of paracoccidioidomycosis)

A

Acute/juvenile form

78
Q

~90%, usually in older men; is a progressive pulmonary disease in the lower lobes of the lungs with fibrosis (Forms of paracoccidioidomycosis)

A

Chronic/adult form

79
Q

The most prevalent systemic mycosis; associated with corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents, hematologic diseases, or with chronic granulomatous disease (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)

A

Systemic candidiasis

80
Q

Systemic candidiasis is due to __________, caused by indwelling catheters, surgery, IV drug abuse, aspiration, or damage to the skin or GIT

A

Candidemia

81
Q

More common in patients with HIV/AIDS; treated using a combination of systemic antifungals (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)

A

Cryptococcosis

82
Q

2 causative agents of cryptococcosis; they have polysaccharide capsules and they are present in pigeon droppings (CN, CG)

A

Cryptococcus neoformans, Cryptococcus gattii

83
Q

Disease caused by Aspergillus fumigatus

A

Aspergillosis

84
Q

Causative agent of aspergillosis

A

Aspergillus fumigatus

85
Q

Characterized by asthma, recurrent chest infiltrates, and eosinophilia (Clinical findings of Aspergillus fumigatus)

A

Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis

86
Q

Characterized by cough, dyspnea, weight loss, fatigue, and hemoptysis (Clinical findings of Aspergillus fumigatus)

A

Fungus ball

87
Q

Associated with lymphocytic or myelogenous leukemia and lymphoma (Clinical findings of Aspergillus fumigatus)

A

Invasive aspergillosis

88
Q

Occurs in 1/3 of ART-treated AIDS patients; a paradoxical worsening of preexisting, untreated, or partially treated opportunistic infections (Clinical findings of Aspergillus fumigatus)

A

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS)

89
Q

Associated with acidotic patients, leukemias, lymphoma, corticosteroid treatment, severe burns, immunodeficiencies, and dialysis of deferoxamine (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)

A

Mucormycosis (Zygomycosis)

90
Q

Most common causative agent of mucormycosis (zygomycosis)

A

Rhizopus oryzae

91
Q

Involves the invasion of the sinuses, eyes, and brain; characterized by edema of the involved facial area, a bloody nasal exudate, and orbital cellulitis (Clinical findings of Rhizopus oryzae)

A

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis

92
Q

Involves the thoracic area (Clinical findings of Rhizopus oryzae)

A

Thoracic mucormycosis

93
Q

Associated with AIDS; leads to acute/subacute pneumonia and extrapulmonary infections (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)

A

Pneumocystis pneumonia

94
Q

Causative agent of pneumocystis pneumonia; formerly thought of as a protozoan; has two forms: trophozoite and cyst

A

Pneumocystis jiroveci

95
Q

Initially characterized by a vague sense of dyspnea alone that subsequently manifests as fever and nonproductive cough with progressive SOB (Clinical findings of Pneumocystis jiroveci)

A

Acute/Subacute pneumonia

96
Q

Is rare; can include involvement of almost any organ, most notably the lymph nodes, spleen, and liver (Clinical findings of Pneumocystis jiroveci)

A

Extrapulmonary manifestations

97
Q

2 treatments for pneumocystis pneumonia (CA)

A

Cotrimoxazole, ART in AIDS

98
Q

Associated with HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, corticosteroid treatment, and lymphoproliferative diseases (Examples of opportunistic systemic mycoses)

A

Talaromycosis (Penicilliosis)

99
Q

Causative agent of talaromycosis (penicilliosis)

A

Talaromyces marneffei

100
Q

Treatment for talaromycosis (penicilliosis)

A

Systemic antifungal

CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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