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[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) > PRELIM 01 - Introduction to Microbiology > Flashcards

PRELIM 01 - Introduction to Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

The scientific study of microorganisms

A

Microbiology

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2
Q

Minute living things that individually are usually too small to be seen with the unaided eye

A

Microorganisms

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3
Q

5 types of microorganisms

A

Bacteria, Viruses, Fungi, Protozoa, Algae

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4
Q

Microbes that live stably in and on the human body

A

Microbiome

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5
Q

Other name for microbiome

A

Microbiota

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6
Q

2 types of microbiota

A

Normal, Transient

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7
Q

Microbiota that indefinitely colonize the body

A

Normal microbiota

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8
Q

Microbiota that transiently colonize the body

A

Transient microbiota

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9
Q

A viscous (sticky), gelatinous polymer that is external to the cell wall

A

Glycocalyx

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10
Q

2 types of glycocalyx

A

Capsule, Slime layer

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11
Q

Glycocalyx that contributes to bacterial virulence and protects pathogenic bacteria from phagocytosis

A

Capsule

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12
Q

Are long, filamentous appendages that propel bacteria

A

Flagella

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13
Q

The movement of bacterium toward or away from a particular stimulus

A

Taxis

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14
Q

2 types of taxis

A

Chemotaxis, Phototaxis

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15
Q

Type of taxis where the stimulus is chemicals

A

Chemotaxis

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16
Q

Type of taxis where the stimulus is light

A

Phototaxis

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17
Q

Are bundles of fibrils that spiral around the cell; structure for motility in spirochetes

A

Axial filaments

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18
Q

Other name of axial filaments

A

Endoflagella

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19
Q

Fimbriae and pili consists of a protein called __________ arranged helically around a central core

A

Pilin

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20
Q

A hairlike appendage that adheres to surfaces and present in few to several hundred per cell

A

Fimbriae

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21
Q

A hairlike appendage that is longer and fewer than fimbriae (1-2/cell) and used for motility and DNA transfer

A

Pili

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22
Q

A complex, semirigid structure that prevents bacterial cell rupture

A

Cell wall

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23
Q

Cell wall is present in all bacteria, except __________ and __________

A

Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma

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24
Q

Component of cell wall

A

Peptidoglycan/Murein

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25
Q

Meaning of NAG

A

N-acetylglucosamine

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26
Q

Meaning of NAM

A

N-acetylmuramic acid

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27
Q

Type of cell wall that has many layers of peptidoglycan, forming a thick and rigid structure

A

Gram-positive cell wall

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28
Q

Type of cell wall that has one or very few layers of peptidoglycan and an outer membrane

A

Gram-negative cell wall

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29
Q

Component of the outer members that is composed of lipids and carbohydrates

A

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

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30
Q

Released when gram negative bacteria die; causes fever, shock, blood clotting, and dilation of blood vessels

A

Lipid A (Endotoxin)

31
Q

Polysaccharide that has a structural function

A

Core polysaccharide

32
Q

Polysaccharide that functions as an antigen

A

O polysaccharide

33
Q

Space between inner membrane and outer membrane

A

Periplasmic space

34
Q

Type of cell wall that is present in Mycobacterium and Nocardia

A

Acid-fast cell wall

35
Q

Acid-fast cell wall is present in _________ and __________

A

Mycobacterium, Nocardia

36
Q

A hydrophobic waxy lipid that is present in acid-fast cell wall

A

Mycolic acid

37
Q

Cell organelle found inside the cell wall and encloses the cytoplasm

A

Plasma membrane

38
Q

Plasma membrane lacks sterols, except in __________ and __________

A

Mycoplasma, Ureaplasma

39
Q

Structure of plasma membrane

A

Fluid mosaic model

40
Q

The substance of the cell inside the plasma membrane

41
Q

Site of protein synthesis; gives the cell a granular appearance

42
Q

2 subunits of a complete 70s ribosome

A

Large (50s), Small (30s)

43
Q

Granules of inorganic phosphate (polyphosphate) that can be used in the synthesis of ATP

A

Metachromic granules

44
Q

Granules made of glycogen and starch

A

Polysaccharide granules

45
Q

Inclusions made of lipids

A

Lipid inclusions

46
Q

Granules containing sulfur and S-containing compounds

A

Sulfur granules

47
Q

Contains ribulose 1,5-biphosphate carboxylase

A

Carboxysomes

48
Q

Are hollow cavities

A

Gas vacuoles

49
Q

Contain ferric oxide

A

Magnetosomes

50
Q

Has no nuclear envelope; contains a single long, continuous, and circularly double stranded DNA

51
Q

A single long, continuous, and circularly double-stranded DNA

A

Bacterial chromosome

52
Q

Extrachromosomal DNA; are small and usually circular, double-stranded DNA

53
Q

Specialized “resting” cells; are highly durable dehydrated cells and can survive extreme heat

A

Endospores

54
Q

Endospores contain high amounts of __________ and __________

A

Dipicolinic acid (DPA), Calcium ions

55
Q

Endospores are present in __________ and __________

A

Clostridium, Bacillus

56
Q

Process of an endospore formation

A

Sporulation/Sporogenesis

57
Q

Process of an endospore’s return to vegetative state

A

Germination

58
Q

2 types of prokaryotes

A

Bacteria, Archaeabacteria

59
Q

Unicellular prokaryotes; have peptidoglycan walls and reproduce by binary fission

60
Q

Are prokaryotes that live in extreme environments and carry out unusual metabolic processes

A

Archaeabacteria

61
Q

3 types of archaeabacteria

A

Methanogens, Extreme halophiles, Hyperthermophiles

62
Q

Type of archaebacteria that are obligate anaerobes that produce CH4 from CO2 and H2

A

Methanogens

63
Q

Type of archaebacteria that require high concentrations of salt for survival

A

Extreme halophiles

64
Q

Type of archaeabacteria that grows in extremely hot environments

A

Hyperthermophiles

65
Q

3 types of eukaryotes

A

Fungi, Protists, Animal parasites

66
Q

Are eukaryotes that may be unicellular or multicellular, have chitin cell walls, and reproduce sexually or asexually

67
Q

Are eukaryotes that are not plants, fungi, or animals

68
Q

2 types of protists

A

Protozoa, Algae

69
Q

Are unicellular non photosynthetic protists; reproduce sexually or asexually

70
Q

Are unicellular photosynthetic protists; have cellulose cell walls and produce sexually or asexually

71
Q

Are multicellular eukaryotes

A

Animal parasites

72
Q

2 types of animal parasites

A

Flatworms, Roundworms

73
Q

Acellular obligatory intracellular parasites that multiply inside living cells by using the synthesizing machinery of the cell

74
Q

Infectious proteinaceous particle

[2ND YEAR] CCP 5 - Pharmaceutical Microbiology & Parasitology (Lec) (39 decks)

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