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Sports Physiology Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in an increase in energy expenditure.

a. Physical Performance
b. Physical Activity
c. Physical fitness
d. Physical Exercise
e. SAID principle

A

b. Physical Activity

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2
Q
  1. This term is used to describe a decline in physical performance in healthy individuals participating in high intensity, high volume strength and endurance training programs

a. Local muscle fatigue
b. Overtraining
c. Delayed onset muscle soreness
d. Cardiopulmonary fatigue
e. Detraining

A

b. Overtraining

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3
Q
  1. According to the reversibility principle, “Detraining” happens when there is lack of training or physical activity after:

a. 1-2 days
b. 3-5 days
c. 1-2 weeks
d. 1-2 months
e. 3 months or more

A

c. 1-2 weeks

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4
Q
  1. The use of substitute motions, and difficulty in completing range of motion during a physical activity can be a sign of?

a. Muscle cramps
b. Local Fatigue
c. DOMS
d. Overtraining
e. Detraining

A

b. Local Fatigue

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5
Q
  1. What exercise can be done to improve ATP synthesis of the phosphagen energy system?

a. Increase load, increase repetition, short period of time
b. Decrease load, increase repetition, long period of time
c. Increase load, decrease repetition, shorter period of time
d. None of these
e. Decrease load, increase repetition, short period of time

A

c. Increase load, decrease repetition, shorter period of time

Should promote short maximum burst

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6
Q
  1. A by-product of anaerobic metabolism which causes fatigue and acute muscle soreness:

a. Water
b. Oxygen
c. Lactic Acid
d. Pyruvic acid
e. All of these

A

c. Lactic Acid

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7
Q
  1. There would be more slow twitch fibers in an individual who is:

a. Sedentary
b. Runs in a marathon
c. Weight lifter
d. Sprinting in sports competition
e. All of these

A

b. Runs in a marathon

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8
Q
  1. This refers to the highest heart rate value one achieves in an all out effort:
    a. Maximum Heart Rate
    b. Maximum Oxygen Uptake
    c. Target Heart Rate
    d. Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
    e. Maximum myocardial oxygen consumption
A

a. Maximum Heart Rate

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9
Q
  1. The Metabolic Equivalent (MET) is another common measurement for oxygen uptake (VO2). One MET is equivalent to:

a. 3.5 mL/kg/min
b. 3.5 L/kg/min
c. 3.5 mL/g/min
d. 3.5 mL/kg/sec
e. 3.5 L/min

A

a. 3.5 mL/kg/min

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10
Q
  1. In the BORG scale, a rating of 13 means:

a. Fairly light
b. Somewhat hard
c. Hard
d. Very hard
e. Maximal exertion

A

b. Somewhat hard

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11
Q
  1. The body mass index of 18.5 is considered:

a. Overweight
b. Underweight
c. Normal
d. Anorexic
e. Mesomorph

A

c. Normal

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12
Q
  1. Which method of data collection would provide the therapist with the MOST accurate measurement of body composition?
    a. Skin fold measurements
    b. Caliper method
    c. Anthropometric measurements
    d. BMI calculation
    e. Hydrostatic Weighing
A

e. Hydrostatic Weighing

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13
Q
  1. This is defined as the work produced by a muscle for a given period of time:

a. Strength
b. Endurance
c. Power
d. Agility
e. Mobility

A

c. Power

Formula: (FxP)/ Time

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14
Q
  1. According to the overload principle, a load should exceed metabolic capacity in order to increase muscle performance. Which of the following is true regarding improving endurance?

a. Increase load, increase repetition, short period of time
b. Decrease load, increase repetition, long period of time
c. Increase load, decrease repetition, shorter period of time
d. None of these
e. Decrease load, increase repetition, short period of time

A

b. Decrease load, increase repetition, long period of time

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15
Q
  1. The main source of ATP immediately after exercising for 120 seconds
    a. Glycogen breakdown
    b. Phosphocreatine
    c. Glycolytic processes
    d. Oxidative processes
A

d. Oxidative processes

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16
Q
  1. A patient standing quietly uses this much METS

a. 3.5
b. 2.0
c. 1.0
d. 4.5

A

b. 2.0

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17
Q
  1. What energy from this system is used for maximal short bursts of muscle activity (8-10 seconds)?
    a. Aerobic
    b. Anaerobic
    c. Phosphagen
    d. Glycogen-lactic acid
A

c. Phosphagen

Keywords: maximal short bursts

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18
Q
  1. As a Therapist/or in Sports Med, you were assigned to a Marathon. Basic knowledge of Exercise-associated collapse and their differentials should be clear to you in case of an emergency which may include all EXCEPT one of the following:

a. Cardiac arrest
b. Hypoglycemia
c. Hyperglycemia
d. Heat stroke

A

c. Hyperglycemia

High blood glucose (blood sugar)

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19
Q
  1. Males generally become stronger than females after puberty because males _________.
    a. Have higher muscle strength per cross-sectional area
    b. Keep themselves in condition through proper diet and exercise
    c. Develop a greater muscle mass
    d. Have faster rate of biologic maturation
A

c. Develop a greater muscle mass

a: same lang men and women
b: same lang din
d: baliktad

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20
Q
  1. The following are typically utilized when measuring skinfold in anthropometric measurements designed to determine percent body fat, EXCEPT:
    a. Lateral calf
    b. Subscapular
    c. Iliac crest
    d. Triceps
A

a. Lateral calf

Code: TIM TABA

Medial calf dapat

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21
Q
  1. The following characteristics describe type I muscle fibers, EXCEPT:
    a. Higher myosin ATPase activity than the other fiber type
    b. Resistant to fatigue, with high levels of oxidative enzyme activity and low levels of glycolytic enzyme activity
    c. Contained in motor units characterized by a low firing frequency or discharge rate
    d. Associated with extensive capillary density and a high concentration of myoglobin
    e. Low threshold for activation and slow twitch contraction
A

a. Higher myosin ATPase activity than the other fiber type

Higher if Type 2

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22
Q
  1. Fast twitch fibers differ from slow twitch fibers, EXCEPT:
    a. Number of capillaries per mass of fibers is greater in slow twitch fibers
    b. Type II organized for endurance
    c. Type II can achieve 2x the maximal power
    d. Type II is 2x in diameter
A

b. Type II organized for endurance

Type 1- High resistance to fatigue
Type 2A- Relatively fatigue resistant
Type 2B- Fast fatigue

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23
Q
  1. DOMS after 6-8 hours will be worst after:
    a. 1-2 days
    b. 2-3 days
    c. 3-4 days
    d. 5-6 days
A

a. 1-2 days

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24
Q
  1. Your patient returns to PT after his first exercise session complaining of muscle soreness that developed later that day after his first session and continued to the next day. His next session should include:

a. Eccentric ex, 1 set of 10, lifting body weight
b. Eccentric ex, 3 sets of 10, with gradual increase in intensity
c. Concentric ex, 3 sets of 10, with gradual increase in intensity
d. Concentric ex, 3 sets of 10, at 80% of max intensity

A

c. Concentric ex, 3 sets of 10, with gradual increase in intensity

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25
Q
  1. Any bodily movement produced by skeletal muscles that results in an increase in energy expenditure.
    a. Physical Performance
    b. Physical Activity
    c. Physical fitness
    d. Physical Exercise
    e. SAID principle
A

b. Physical Activity

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26
Q
  1. This term is used to describe a decline in physical performance in healthy individuals participating in high intensity, high volume strength and endurance training programs:

a. Local muscle fatigue
b. Overtraining
c. Delayed onset muscle soreness
d. Cardiopulmonary fatigue
e. Detraining

A

b. Overtraining

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27
Q
  1. According to the reversibility principle, “Detraining” happens when there is lack of training or physical activity after:
    a. 1-2 days
    b. 3-5 days
    c. 1-2 weeks
    d. 1-2 months
    e. 3 months or more
A

c. 1-2 weeks

28
Q
  1. The use of substitute motions, and difficulty in completing range of motion during a physical activity can be a sign of?
    a. Muscle cramps
    b. Local Fatigue
    c. DOMS
    d. Overtraining
    e. Detraining
A

b. Local Fatigue

29
Q
  1. What exercise can be done to improve ATP synthesis of the phosphagen energy system?

a. Increase load, increase repetition, short period of time
b. Decrease load, increase repetition, long period of time
c. Increase load, decrease repetition, shorter period of time
d. None of these
e. Decrease load, increase repetition, short period of time

A

c. Increase load, decrease repetition, shorter period of time

30
Q
  1. A by-product of anaerobic metabolism which causes fatigue and acute muscle soreness:
    a. Water
    b. Oxygen
    c. Lactic Acid
    d. Pyruvic acid
    e. All of these
A

c. Lactic Acid

31
Q
  1. True of energy systems except?

a. The phosphagen energy system is used for bursts of muscle power
b. The glycogen lactic acid systems provide energy for 2.5 moles of ATP/min, and 1.3-1.6 minutes
c. Anaerobic metabolisms occurs without need for oxygen
d. Aerobic system predominates in endurance training
e. All are correct

A

e. All are correct

32
Q
  1. A client consults to you about soreness of the thigh and leg muscles after yesterday’s intense leg workout session that included downhill running. What could be the possible explanation for this?
    a. He is experiencing acute muscle soreness as result of lactic acid build up
    b. There has been overtraining which results from lack of rest intervals
    c. Uphill running would have been more appropriate
    d. He has delayed onset muscle soreness due to previous eccentric leg activity
    e. He should consult a physician
A

d. He has delayed onset muscle soreness due to previous eccentric leg activity

33
Q
  1. Which of the following characteristics of type IIB muscle fibers are incorrect?
    a. High levels of glycolytic enzyme activity
    b. Fast glycolytic
    c. Twice as large in diameter
    d. High concentration of myoglobin
    e. Fast fatiguable
A

d. High concentration of myoglobin

More common sa Type 1

34
Q
  1. There would be more slow twitch fibers in an individual who is:
    a. Sedentary
    b. Runs in a marathon
    c. Weight lifter
    d. Sprinting in sports competition
    e. All of these
A

b. Runs in a marathon

35
Q
  1. The following are true of slow twitch and fast twitch muscle fibers except:
    a. The number of capillaries is much greater in the vicinity of slow twitch fibers than in the vicinity of fast twitch fibers
    b. Fast twitch fibers are twice larger in diameter than slow twitch
    c. Slow twitch muscles are mainly organized for endurance, and contain far less mitochondria than fast twitch
    d. Fast twitch fibers are phasic muscles while slow twitch muscles are regarded as postural muscles
    e. All statements are true
A

c. Slow twitch muscles are mainly organized for endurance, and contain far less mitochondria than fast twitch

more mitochondria

36
Q
  1. What changes in a muscle can be observed with training?
    a. Heavy resistance training causes higher capillaries per muscle fiber than endurance athletes
    b. Type I muscle fibers can be converted to Type II
    c. Increase in muscle diameter within two weeks
    d. Left ventricle wall thickness of the heart may increase with endurance training
    e. All are correct
A

d. Left ventricle wall thickness of the heart may increase with endurance training

Reason kung bakit tumataas stroke volume

a: Mababang resistance dapat
b: Type 2B to Type 2A lang
c: 6 to 8 weeks of training

37
Q
  1. This refers to the highest heart rate value one achieves in an all out effort:
    a. Maximum Heart Rate
    b. Maximum Oxygen Uptake
    c. Target Heart Rate
    d. Myocardial Oxygen Consumption
    e. Maximum myocardial oxygen consumption
A

a. Maximum Heart Rate

38
Q
  1. The Metabolic Equivalent (MET) is another common measurement for oxygen uptake (VO2). One MET is equivalent to:

a. 3.5 mL/kg/min
b. 3.5 L/kg/min
c. 3.5 mL/g/min
d. 3.5 mL/kg/sec
e. 3.5 L/min

A

a. 3.5 mL/kg/min

39
Q
  1. Which of the following correctly describes a trained athlete from an untrained individual?
    a. The heart rate of an athlete is higher than that of a sedentary individual as a result of higher stroke volume
    b. The heart rate of an athlete is lesser than that of a sedentary individual due to a higher stroke volume and cardiac output
    c. A sedentary individual has a lower stroke volume and heart rate
    d. Sedentary and trained individuals have similar stroke volume
    e. Cardiac output of sedentary and trained individuals are almost the same
A

e. Cardiac output of sedentary and trained individuals are almost the same

a: Lower
b: Same lang cardiac output
c: Higher
d: Higher sa trained individual

40
Q
  1. A cardiac pt. was referred for early rehab. Based on the perceived rate of exertion, which among these will not stress the body while doing exercise?
    a. 13
    b. 15
    c. 19
    d. 17
    e. 11
A

e. 11

Lowest

41
Q
  1. In the BORG scale, a rating of 13 means:
    a. Fairly light
    b. Somewhat hard
    c. Hard
    d. Very hard
    e. Maximal exertion
A

b. Somewhat hard

42
Q
  1. A person who is contraindicated to do any activities of 5 METS or beyond should NOT:
    a. Sit with ease
    b. Ascend stairs
    c. Walk at 1 mph
    d. Perform archery
    e. Dance ballet
A

b. Ascend stairs

9 METs

43
Q
  1. The body mass index of 18.5 is considered:
    a. Overweight
    b. Underweight
    c. Normal
    d. Anorexic
    e. Mesomorph
A

c. Normal

44
Q
  1. Which method of data collection would provide the therapist with the MOST accurate measurement of body composition?

a. Skin fold measurements
b. Caliper method
c. Anthropometric measurements
d. BMI calculation
e. Hydrostatic Weighing

A

e. Hydrostatic Weighing

45
Q
  1. This is defined as the work produced by a muscle for a given period of time:

a. Strength
b. Endurance
c. Power
d. Agility
e. Mobility

A

c. Power

Keyword: Time

46
Q
  1. According to the overload principle, a load should exceed metabolic capacity in order to increase muscle performance. Which of the following is true regarding improving endurance?

a. Increase load, increase repetition, short period of time
b. Decrease load, increase repetition, long period of time
c. Increase load, decrease repetition, shorter period of time
d. None of these
e. Decrease load, increase repetition, short period of time

A

b. Decrease load, increase repetition, long period of time

47
Q
  1. The formula for target heart rate is:
    a. (MHR – RHR) 60-80% + RHR
    b. (MHR – RHR) 60-80% - RHR
    c. (HRmax - RHR) 60-80% + RHR
    d. (HRmax + RHR) 60-80% - RHR
    e. None of these
A

c. (HRmax - RHR) 60-80% + RHR

Karvonen’s Formula

48
Q
  1. Conversion of skeletal muscle fiber types is only possible in what manner?
    a. Type II –> I
    b. Type I –> II
    c. Type IA –> IIB
    d. Type IIB –> IIA
A

d. Type IIB –> IIA

49
Q
  1. A person who is contraindicated to do any activities of 5 METS or more can only perform:
    a. Stair negotiation
    b. Walking at 2 mph
    c. Light to heavy housework
    d. Running on level surface
A

b. Walking at 2 mph

a: 9 METs
c: Light (1.7-3 METs) and Heavy (3- 6 METs)
d: 7 METs

50
Q
  1. When measured in terms of the muscle’s strength per square centimeter of cross-sectional area, maximal force of contraction of males can be achieved almost exactly by females. What is the muscles’ maximum contractile force?
    a. 1-2 kg/cm2
    b. 2-3 kg/cm2
    c. 3-4 kg/cm2
    d. 4-5 kg/cm2
    e. 5-6 kg/cm2
A

c. 3-4 kg/cm2

51
Q
  1. The main source of ATP immediately after exercising for 120 seconds:

a. Glycogen breakdown
b. Phosphocreatine
c. Glycolytic processes
d. Oxidative processes

A

d. Oxidative processes

2 minutes

52
Q
  1. Two or three muscle contractions that do not require expenditure of oxygen made possible by chemical energy provided by ATP, stored in the skeletal muscles is referred to as:

a. Anaerobic metabolism
b. Glycolysis
c. Krebs Cycle
d. Aerobic metabolism

A

a. Anaerobic metabolism

Keywords: do not require expenditure of oxygen

53
Q
  1. The following statements are generally accepted in improving muscle strength and endurance, EXCEPT:

a. Isometric contractions close to maximal forces for long periods of time is necessary to increase muscle endurance
b. Concentric contractions against light loads may increase endurance
c. To improve endurance a muscle must maintain small forces for long periods of time
d. A muscle must generate close to maximal forces for short periods of time to build muscle strength
e. Isometric or even eccentric forceful contractions may be necessary for building strength

A

a. Isometric contractions close to maximal forces for long periods of time is necessary to increase muscle endurance

Low intensity

54
Q
  1. Fast twitch fibers differ from slow twitch fibers, EXCEPT:

a. Number of capillaries per mas of fibers in greater in slow twitch fibers
b. Fast twitch fibers are organized for endurance
c. Fast twitch fibers can achieve double the maximal power
d. Fast twitch fibers are twice in diameter

A

b. Fast twitch fibers are organized for endurance

Slow twitch

55
Q
  1. A set of attributes people have or achieve that relates to the ability to perform physical activity

a. Physical Performance
b. Physical Activity
c. Physical fitness
d. Physical Exercise
e. SAID principle

A

c. Physical fitness

Keywords: ability to perform physical activity

56
Q
  1. Delayed onset muscle soreness starts at:

a. 12-24 minutes
b. 24-48 minutes
c. 12-24 hours
d. 24-48 hours
e. 5 days

A

c. 12-24 hours

Peak: 24-48 hours

57
Q
  1. “SAID” principle stands for:
    a. Specific Accommodation on Imposed Demands
    b. Specific Activity on Imposed Demands
    c. Specific Adaptation on Imposed Demands
    d. Specific Activation on Imposed Demands
    e. None of these
A

c. Specific Adaptation on Imposed Demands

58
Q
  1. Duration of 1.3 to 1.6 minutes

A- ATP-CP
B- Glycogen Lactic acid
C- aerobic
D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic
E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

B- Glycogen Lactic acid

59
Q
  1. Jogging

A- ATP-CP
B- Glycogen Lactic acid
C- aerobic
D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic
E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

C- aerobic

Code: Jose Mari Chan (Christmas season)
Jogging
Marathon running
Cross country
Skiing
10,000 m Skating

60
Q
  1. Boxing

A- ATP-CP
B- Glycogen Lactic acid
C- aerobic
D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic
E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

Lahat ng wala sa code

61
Q
  1. 10000 meter skating

A- ATP-CP
B- Glycogen Lactic acid
C- aerobic
D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic
E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

C- aerobic

Code: Jose Mari Chan (Christmas season)
Jogging
Marathon running
Cross country
Skiing
10,000 m Skating

62
Q
  1. Baseball home run

A- ATP-CP
B- Glycogen Lactic acid
C- aerobic
D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic
E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic

Code: 2 Balls and a Hockey
200m Dash
Basketball
Baseball
Hockey

63
Q
  1. Phosphocreatine

A- ATP-CP
B- Glycogen Lactic acid
C- aerobic
D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic
E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

A- ATP-CP

64
Q
  1. Main fuel source is glycogen

A- ATP-CP
B- Glycogen Lactic acid
C- aerobic
D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic
E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

B- Glycogen Lactic acid

65
Q
  1. 100m Swim

A- ATP-CP
B- Glycogen Lactic acid
C- aerobic
D – ATP-CP and Anaerobic
E – Anaerobic and Aerobic

A

B- Glycogen Lactic acid

Code: 41 T Shirts
400m Dash
100m Swim
Tennis
Soccer

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