Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards Flashcards > LE 1 > Flashcards

LE 1 Flashcards

1
Q

The sartorius muscle

a. Flexes the hip joint
b. Flexes the knee joint
c. Weakly abducts the thigh
d. Is innervated by the femoral
nerve
e. All of this

A

All of this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The sciatic nerve consists of two divisions (medial and lateral) which
eventually separates into distinct nerves. The medial and lateral divisions,
respectively, form the

a. Femoral and obturator nerves
b. Obturator and femoral nerves
c. Common peroneal and tibial nerves
d. Tibial and common peroneal nerves
e. Obturator and tibial nerves

A

Tibial and common peroneal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

A therapist observing a patient complete a leg curl exercise notices two
prominent tendons visible on the posterior surface of the patient’s left knee. The
visible medial and lateral tendons are MOST likely associated with the:

a. Semimembranosus and semitendinosus muscles
b. Semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles
c. Popliteus and semitendinosus muscles
d. Semimembranosus and biceps femoris muscles

A

Semitendinosus and biceps femoris muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A therapist positions a patient in prone to measure passive knee flexion.
Range of motion may be limited in this position due to:

a. Active insufficiency of the knee extensors
b. Active insufficiency of the knee flexors
c. Passive insufficiency of the knee extensors
d. Passive insufficiency of the knee flexors

A

Passive insufficiency of the knee extensors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

A therapist obtains a gross measurement of hamstrings length by passively extending the lower extremity of a patient in short sitting. The MOST common substitution to exaggerate hamstrings length is

a. Weight shift to the contralateral side
b. Anterior rotation of the pelvis
c. Posterior rotation of the pelvis
d. Hiking of the contralateral hip

A

Posterior rotation of the pelvis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

A therapist instructs a patient in a self-stretching activity using the FABER
position. This position would be MOST useful to stretch the:

a. Hip abductors
b. Hip flexors
c. Hip external rotators
d. Hip internal rotators

A

Hip internal rotators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

A therapist assesses the hip range of motion of a client with excessive
anteversion. Which of the following clinical findings is common in a client with
anteversion?

a. Increased hip lateral rotation and decreased medial rotation
b. Increased hip medial rotation and decreased lateral rotation
c. Increased hip abduction and decreased adduction
d. Increased hip flexion and decreased extension

A

Increased hip medial rotation and decreased lateral rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A patient with degenerative joint disease of the right hip complains of pain
in the anterior hip and groin, which is aggravated by weightbearing. There is
decreased range of motion and capsular mobility. Right gluteus medius weakness is
evident during ambulation and there is decreased tolerance of functional activities
including transfers and lower extremity dressing. In this case, a capsular pattern of
joint motion should be evident by restrictions of hip:

a. Flexion, abduction and internal rotation
b. Flexion, adduction and internal rotation
c. Extension, abduction and external rotation
d. Flexion, abduction and external rotation

A

Flexion, abduction and internal rotation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

A patient suddenly falls and lands on a piece of equipment left on the
floor. A severe laceration with spurting blood is noted in the area of the lateral distal
right thigh. To help control bleeding, where should the therapist apply pressure in
addition to directly over the wound?

a. Behind the knee at the popliteal fossa
b. At the femoral triangle
c. At the antecubital fossa
d. At mid-thigh, directly over the profunda femoris artery

A

At the femoral triangle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

When performing the Thomas test, the patient’s thigh does not touch the
table, indicating limited hip extension. The amount of limited hip extension does not
change when the ipsilateral knee is extended. What is the range-limiting muscle?

a. Rectus femoris
b. Tensor fascia lata
c. Biceps femoris
d. Iliopsoas

A

Iliopsoas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The following statements describe the pelvic girdle, except:

I. The ilium, ischium, and pubis make up each hip bone.
II. The pelvic girdle consists of the two innominate bones, the sacrum, and
coccyx.
III. The pubic portion of the innominate bones fusing to form the symphysis
pubis is of the cartilaginous type.
IV. Gliding and cartilaginous joints allow no movement whatsoever in both
sexes.

a. None of these
b. All of these
c. I, II, and III
d. II and IV
e. Only IV

A

Only IV

Slightly movable dapat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The correct procedure for self-stretching of the ITB is:

a. Patient is standing with tight extremity in slightly ER and crossed in the front the normal leg, keeping both feet on the floor, the patient bends towards from the tight side allowing slight knee flexion on his normal knee
b. Patient is standing with tight extremity in slightly IR and crossed behind the normal leg, keeping both feet on the floor, the patient bends away from the tight side allowing slight knee flexion on his normal knee
c. Patient is standing with tight extremity in slightly ER and crossed behind the normal leg, keeping both feet on the floor, the patient bends away from the tight side allowing slight knee flexion on his normal knee
d. Patient is standing with tight extremity in slightly ER and crossed in the front the normal leg, keeping both feet on the floor, the patient bends away from the tight side allowing slight knee flexion on his normal knee

A

c. Patient is standing with tight extremity in slightly ER and crossed behind the normal leg, keeping both feet on the floor, the patient bends away from the tight side allowing slight knee flexion on his normal knee

Movement: IFL (FABIR)
Stretch: ITB (EXADIR)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The following ligaments contribute to the stability of the hip joint, EXCEPT:

I. Ischiofemoral ligament
II. Pubofemoral ligament
III. Iliofemoral ligament
IV. Ligamentum teres

a. None of these
b. I, II and III
c. I and II
d. III and IV
e. IV only

A

e. IV only

IV: Conduit of blood supply (Obturator artery)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

From the frontal plane, the neck of the femur has an anterior angle of 13 to 15 deg.
A decrease in this angle, a factor in out-toeing, is called:

a. Retroversion
b. Coxa vara
c. Coxa valga
d. Anteversion

A

a. Retroversion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Muscle which may compress the sciatic nerve as the nerve passes underneath it:

a. Rectus femoris
b. Quadratus femoris
c. Piriformis
d. Gluteus maximus

A

c. Piriformis

Conditions:
-Piriformis Syndrome
-Fat wallet Syndrome
-Injection Palsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The Iliopsoas is the strongest and most consistent hip flexor. Functions of this
muscle include which of the following?

a. Tilts the pelvis anteriorly and flexes the pelvis on the femur
b. Tilts the pelvis posteriorly and flexes the pelvis on the femur
c. Tilts the pelvis anteriorly and extends the pelvis on the femur
d. Tilts the pelvis posteriorly and extends the pelvis on the femur

A

a. Tilts the pelvis anteriorly and flexes the pelvis on the femur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following does the femoral nerve supply?

a. The muscle in front of the thigh
b. The hip and knee joints
c. The skin of the front of the thigh and of the medial side of the leg as far as the base of the great toe
d. All of these
e. None of these

A

d. All of these

C: Saphenous nerve (saFemoral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

This ligament is useful in preventing the femur from being extended beyond the
point at which the lower limb is in line with the trunk thus ensuring that little or no
muscular effort is required to prevent one from rolling over at one’s hip joint:

a. Acetabular labrum
b. Inguinal ligament
c. Iliofemoral ligament
d. Ligamentum teres

A

c. Iliofemoral ligament

Iliofemoral- Strongest ligament

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When the hip is extended, this muscle externally rotates the hip. However, when
the hip is flexed, this same muscle will internally rotate the hip:

a. Gluteus minimus
b. Gluteus medius
c. TFL
d. Piriformis

A

d. Piriformis

Piriformis- Uppermost ng red carpet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The arrangement of these muscles as the legs of the inverted tripod suggests
their possible function as a stabilizing mechanism for the pelvis capable of
cooperating with the splint mechanism of the iliotibial tract on the lateral side:

a. Adductor magnus, Vastus lateralis, Biceps femoris
b. Sartorius, Gracilis, Semimembranosus
c. Piriformis, Quadratus femoris, Obturator internus
d. Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus

A

d. Sartorius, Gracilis, Semitendinosus

Code: SGT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Common origin of gracilis, adductor brevis, and adductor magnus:

a. Inferior ramus of the pubis
b. Ramus of the ischium
c. Ischial tuberosity
d. Body of the pubis
e. Superior ramus of the pubis

A

a. Inferior ramus of the pubis

BMG is inferior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

This muscle contracts maximally when flexing the hip beyond 90 degrees:

a. Pectineus
b. Rectus femoris
c. Iliopsoas
d. Sartorius

A

c. Iliopsoas

C: Sit ups with abdominals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

A patient has Right Coxa Valga. It will be compensated by which of the following?

a. Left subtalar supination
b. Left knee flexion
c. Right ankle plantarflexion
d. Right subtalar supination
e. None of these

A

a. Left subtalar supination

Dapat mapahaba si L or mashorten si R

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The following are true of the Femoral Artery:

I. The Femoral Nerve lies lateral to the Femoral Artery
II. The Femoral Vein lies medial to the Femoral Artery
III. If the Common Iliac or External Iliac Artery is partially occluded, the Femoral Artery pulse may be diminished
IV. Palpable just superior to the Inguinal Ligament, at a point halfway between the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine and the Pubic Tubercle.

a. All of these
b. I and III
c. II and IV
d. I, II, and III
e. Only IV

A

d. I, II, and III

IV: below dapat not superior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Insertion of the red carpet muscles

a. Ischial tuberosity
b. Greater trochanter
c. Lesser trochanter
d. ASIS
e. None of these

A

b. Greater trochanter

Code: gREDer trochanter

Di kasama si Quadrate tubercle kay Greater trochanter

25
Q

Gluteus maximus is most effective during gait at

a. Swing phase
b. Toe off
c. Heel strike
d. Midstance

A

c. Heel strike

C: AKA Initial contact, initial stance

Contraction- Eccentric

26
Q

Adductor magnus is innervated by the:

a. Sciatic and obturator
b. Sciatic and femoral
c. Obturator
d. Femoral
e. None of these

A

a. Sciatic and obturator

Hamstring: Sciatic
Adductor: Obturator

27
Q

What hamstring muscle also acts as a hip extensor?

I. Long head of Biceps Femoris
II. Semitendinosus
III. Semimembranosus
IV. Short head of Biceps Femoris

a. All of these
b. I, II, and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
E. None of these

A

b. I, II, and III

IV: Post shaft of femur

28
Q

The hip flexors connect the pelvis and the low back to the femur. The following statements are correct, except:

I. They work as a force couple with low back muscles to rotate the pelvis
anteriorly and secondarily increase lumbar lordosis.
II. When moving the femur on the pelvis, the hip flexors contract synergistically with the abdominal muscles, as when performing a forceful sit-up.
III. Maximum isometric torque of the hip flexors is greatest when muscles are
on slight stretch as in a kicking motion when the hip begins flexing from an initial position of extension.
IV. As hip motion continues from extension into flexion, torque decreases with progressive hip flexion.
V. If the iliopsoas muscles are paralyzed bilaterally, the person may fall
forward.

a. None of these
b. I, II, III, V
c. I, II, III
d. II and IV
e. only V

A

e. only V

III. Bumubwelo para mas malakas pwersa
V: Iliopsoas prevent backwards fall. If may prob, you will fall backward.

29
Q

A therapist assesses the functional strength of a patient’s hip extensors while observing the patient move from standing to sitting, what type of contraction occurs in the hip extensors during this activity?

a. Concentric
b. Eccentric
c. Isometric
d. Isokinetic

A

b. Eccentric

30
Q

During gait analysis, you note that a patient is lurching backward during the
stance phase as a result of gluteus maximus weakness. This compensatory motion prevents:

a. Circumduction with external rotation of the involved extremity
b. Lateral trunk lean over the involved stance extremity
c. Knee instability with possible buckling
d. Excessive hip flexion and anterior pelvic tilt

A

d. Excessive hip flexion and anterior pelvic tilt

31
Q

The following are true about the femoral triangle, EXCEPT:

I. Defined medially by the adductor longus
II. The floor is formed by portions of the adductor longus, pectineus and the
iliopsoas muscles
III. With subject is supine, the soft tissues of the triangle are examined with the heel of the leg being examined resting upon the opposite knee
IV. Defined posteriorly by the sartorius muscle ridge

a. All of these
b. I, II and III
c. II and IV
d. Only IV
e. None of these

A

d. Only IV

IV: Lateral dapat

32
Q

The following are true about the rectus femoris:

I. The heads are not distinctly palpable since the muscle disappears
proximally in the depression between the sartorius and the TFL
II. The head that takes origin from the AIIS is the more commonly avulsed,
usually from the injuries
III. The only 2-jointed muscle in the quadriceps group
IV. It has dual origin a direct and indirect head
V. Crosses the hip and the knee joints, acting as a flexor of the hip and an
extensor for the knee

a. All of these
b. I, II and III
c. I and III
d. II, IV, and V
e. None of these

A

a. All of these

II: ASIS (Sartorius) and AIIS (Rectus Fem)

IV: AKA Straight/ Reflected head

33
Q

The closed-packed position of the hip includes the following:

I. Extension
II. Internal rotation
III. Abduction
IV. External rotation

a. All of these
b. I and III
c. II and IV
d. I, II and III
e. Only IV

A

d. I, II and III

CPP: EXABIR

Tip: Watch vid ni sir JD sa TNM lec part 3 or 4 kasi may song siya about CPP

34
Q

The spinal cord root values for the lumbar plexus are:
a. T12, L1, L2, L3
b. T12, L1, L2, L3, L4
c. L1, L2, L3, L4, L5
d. L2, L3, L4, L5
e. L3, L4, L5

A

b. T12, L1, L2, L3, L4

35
Q
  1. The floor of the femoral triangle from lateral to medial:

a. Iliacus, adductor longus, pectineus
b. Pectineus, iliacus, adductor longus
c. Adductor longus, pectineus, iliacus
d. Iliacus, pectineus, adductor longus
e. Adductor longus, pectineus, iliacus

A

d. Iliacus, pectineus, adductor longus

Code: IPA

36
Q

A 50-year-old patient came in with diagnosis of avulsion fracture of the anterior superior iliac spine pf the pelvis. What muscle might have caused this fracture?

a. Sartorius
b. TFL
c. Rectus Femoris
d. Iliopsoas

A

a. Sartorius

37
Q

During evaluation of a patient, the therapist observes significant posterior trunk lean at initial contact. Which of the following is the most likely muscle that the therapist needs to focus on during the exercise session in order to minimize this gait deviation?

a. Gluteus medius
b. Gluteus maximus
c. Quadriceps
d. Hamstrings

A

b. Gluteus maximus

A: Lateral lurching
B: Backward lurch
C: Forward lurch

38
Q

True about the gluteus maximus muscle, except:
I. Extends and laterally rotates hip joint and through the iliotibial tract it
extends the knee joint
II. Innervated by the inferior gluteal nerve (L5, S1, S2)
III. Originates from the outer surface of the ilium, sacrum, coccyx, and sacrotuberous ligament
IV. Inserted to the iliotibial tract and gluteal tuberosity of the femur

a. None of these
b. I, II, and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. only IV

A

a. None of these

IV: Major insertion–> ITB

39
Q

During MMT of the hip flexors in the sitting position, a patient exhibits lateral rotation with abduction of the thigh as a resistance is applied. The therapist should suspect muscle substitution by the:

a. Sartorius
b. Addcutor longus
c. TFL
d. Semimembranosus

A

a. Sartorius

A: FABER of hip

40
Q

Which of the following is not true regarding the branches of the sacral plexus?

a. Roots of the superior gluteal nerve are L4, L5, S1, posterior divisions
b. Roots of the inferior gluteal nerve are L5 S1 S2, posterior divisions
c. Roots of the pudendal nerve are from S2 S3 S4
d. Nerve to the obturator internus if from roots L5 S1 S2, anterior divisions
e. None of these

A

e. None of these

41
Q

In children, the chief arterial blood supply of the head of the femur is from the:

a. Obturator artery
b. Inferior gluteal artery
c. Superficial circumflex iliac artery
d. Deep external pudendal artery
e. Branches from the medial and lateral circumflex femoral arteries

A

a. Obturator artery

E: For adult

42
Q

You have a patient with an excessive anteversion, what motion of the hip would
be limited?

a. Flexion
b. Medial Rotation
c. Lateral Rotation
d. Extension

A

c. Lateral Rotation

If excessive LFCN –> Increased IR

43
Q

The following statements characterize the lateral femoral cutaneous nerve,
EXCEPT:

I. There is no atrophy and no motor or reflex change
II. Some sensory loss to pain and touch is typical
III. More apt to occur with metabolic disorders
IV. Sensory and motor function is mediated by this nerve

a. All of these
b. I, II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. Only IV

A

e. Only IV

LFCN: Meralgia paresthetica
III: Metabolic disorder (Diabetes Mellitus)
IV: Sensory lang kasi cutaneous

44
Q

If the neck shaft angle of the femur is less than 125 degrees, this deviation resultsin decreased leg length and muscle strength due to torque changes from change in muscle lever arms and length-tension relationships

a. Retroversion
b. Anteversion
c. Coxa vara
d. Coxa valga

A

c. Coxa vara

45
Q

A high jump athlete complains of pain on the ischial tuberosity. You suspect a tear of the:

a. Adductor longus
b. Vastus lateralis
c. Semitendinosus
d. Gluteus maximus

A

c. Semitendinosus

Ischial tuberosity: Hamstrings
Semiten is part ng hamstrings

46
Q

A patient is suffering from complete paralysis of gluteus medius. To compensate during the stance phase of the gait cycle, the patient will exhibit:

a. Lateral flexion of the spine
b. Increased planterflexion
c. Hyperextension of the spine
d. Maintenance of the knee flexion

A

a. Lateral flexion of the spine

Trendelenburg gait: IL to the affected

47
Q

In hamstrings injury, there is an avulsion of:

a. Ischial tuberosity
b. Patella
c. Pubis
d. Ilium
e. All of these

A

a. Ischial tuberosity

48
Q

An athlete with groin pain above the level of the inguinal ligament should be suspected to have:

a. Hip adductor strain
b. ASIS avulsion
c. Pubis fracture
d. Abdominal fascia strain

A

b. ASIS avulsion

B: Origin of Inguinal - ASIS

49
Q

Which of the following nerves innervates the muscles that control micturition?

a. Obturator
b. Genitofemoral
c. Pudendal
d. Superior Gluteal

A

c. Pudendal

50
Q

In performing this test, the patient with contracture will be unable to keep his leg,
spine, and pelvis flat on the table when the opposite hip is flexed. What muscle is being tested?

a. Rectus Femoris
b. Iliopsoas
c. Gluteus Maximus
d. Gluteus Medius
e. TFL

A

b. Iliopsoas

Thomas Test (Code: ilioTHOMAS)

51
Q

Characteristics of a coxa vara abnormality:

a. All of these
b. Results in a shorter affected leg if the involvement is unilateral
c. Increase in the neck shaft angle
d. Neck shaft angle is usually 160 degrees

A

b. Results in a shorter affected leg if the involvement is unilateral

C: Decrease
D: Valga yung dinescribe. Dapat <125.

52
Q

When the knee is extended, hip flexion is limited to 60-80 degrees because of
Passive insufficiency of the:

a. Gluteus Maximus
b. Hamstrings
c. Rectus Femoris
d. Iliopsoas

A

c. Rectus Femoris

53
Q

The following muscles can abduct the hip, EXCEPT:

a. Sartorius
b. TFL
c. Gluteus medius
d. Gluteus Max (Lower fibers)
e. None of these

A

d. Gluteus Max (Lower fibers)

C: Primary abductor
D: Upper fibers dapat

54
Q

While ascending stairs, an elderly patient leans forward with increased hip flexion. Which of the following muscles are being used to the best advantage with this forward
posture?

a. Rectus femoris
b. TFL
c. Gluteus maximus
d. Lumbar paraspinal

A

c. Gluteus maximus

55
Q

Paralysis of the left gluteus medius can be compensated by

a. Allowing the pelvis to sag laterally toward the unsupported side until the left hip is maximally adducted
b. Placing a cane on the left hand
c. Laterally bending the upper trunk to the right
d. By reducing the knee and the ankle motion
e. None of these

A

a. Allowing the pelvis to sag laterally toward the unsupported side until the left hip is maximally adducted

Compensations:
- Can on the CL side
- Briefcase on the IL side
- Trunk listing/ lateral lurching

56
Q

Relaxin in pregnant women causes pain in what joint?

a. Hip joint
b. Knee joint
c. SI joint
d. Wrist joint

A

c. SI joint

Code: relaxSIn

57
Q

Components of anterior pelvic tilt in weight-bearing position:

a. Hip extension and lumbar extension
b. Hip flexion and lumbar flexion
c. Hip extension and lumbar flexion
d. Hip flexion and lumbar extension

A

d. Hip flexion and lumbar extension

58
Q

The spinal cord root values for the femoral nerve are

a. L1, L2, L3 L4 anterior divisions
b. L2, L3, L4 anterior divisions
c. L1, L2 L3, L4 posterior divisions
d. L2, L3 L4 posterior divisions
e. None of these

A

d. L2, L3 L4 posterior divisions

59
Q

The sciatic nerve consists of two divisions (medial and lateral) which eventually separates into distinct nerves. The medial and lateral divisions, respectively, form the:

a. Femoral and obturator nerves
b. Obturator and femoral nerves
c. Common peroneal and tibial nerves
d. Tibial and common peroneal nerves

A

d. Tibial and common peroneal nerves

Boards Flashcards (57 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions