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Blood Physiology Flashcards

1
Q
  1. A 60 y/o male Caucasian is diagnosed with Pernicious Anemia. All can be a manifestation in this patient, EXCEPT:

a. Easy fatiguability
b. Deficiency in vit. B12
c. Sluggish blood flow
d. Tachycardia

A

c. Sluggish blood flow

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2
Q
  1. Mother is blood type AB+ while the father is B+. Which blood type is NOT possible for the child?

a. AB+
b. A+
c. B+
d. O+

A

d. O+

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3
Q
  1. Phagocytosis is a process where some leukocytes (such as neutrophils) can _______.

a. Engulf and kill bacteria
b. Enter and exit the blood stream in order to go to the infected site
c. Kill bacteria by releasing a host of chemicals that act as toxins to the bacteria
d. All of these

A

a. Engulf and kill bacteria

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4
Q
  1. A 55 y/o woman is diagnosed with aplastic anemia (bone marrow failure). RBC production in this case is probably occurring in what structure?

a. Liver
b. Sternum
c. Pelvic bone
d. Humerus

A

a. Liver

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5
Q
  1. Leukocyte involved in parasitic infections?

a. Basophils
b. Eosinophils
c. Monocytes
d. B cell
e. T cell

A

b. Eosinophils

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6
Q
  1. Monocytes

a. Are the smallest white blood cells
b. Increase in number during chronic infections
c. Give rise to neutrophils
d. Produce antibodies
e. None of these

A

b. Increase in number during chronic infections

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7
Q
  1. Smallest cellular component of blood

a. Platelet
b. Neutrophil
c. Lymphocytes
d. RBC
e. NOTA

A

a. Platelet

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8
Q
  1. Responsible for cellular mediated immunity:

a. Neutrophils
b. T cells
c. B cells
d. Monocyte
e. Lymphoblast

A

b. T cells

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9
Q
  1. Which of the following describes an artificial active type of immunity?

a. Transfer of antibodies from donor to recipient
b. Exposure to measles from a patient during hospital stay
c. Acquired chicken pox from a family member
d. Rhogam injection for Rh-negative mothers
e. Hepatitis A booster shots taken two months after medical check-up

A

e. Hepatitis A booster shots taken two months after medical check-up

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10
Q
  1. This immunoglobulin is responsible for type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

a. IgM
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgD
e. IgA

A

b. IgE

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11
Q
  1. These events can be observed in the presence of inflammation, except?

a. Release of chemotactic substance by damaged tissues
b. Movement of neutrophils by squeezing into the capillaries also known as margination
c. Increase in leukocyte production in the bone marrow in approximately 3-4 days
d. All are true
e. Macrophages engulf large roughened bacteria or dead cells

A

b. Movement of neutrophils by squeezing into the capillaries also known as margination

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12
Q
  1. The main cellular target of the HIV virus that causes AIDS is:

a. Cytotoxic T cells
b. Suppressor T cells
c. Macrophages
d. Helper T cells
e. B cells

A

d. Helper T cells

Code: H-H-Helper H-H-HIV

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13
Q
  1. The most numerous type of white blood cell, whose primary function is phagocytosis, is

a. Eosinophils
b. Basophils
c. Neutrophils
d. Monocytes
e. Lymphocytes

A

c. Neutrophils

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14
Q
  1. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus is an autoimmune disease of unknown cause is what type of hypersensitivity reaction?

a. Delayed hypersensitivity
b. Anaphylactic
c. Cytotoxic
d. Immune
e. Viral

A

d. Immune

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15
Q
  1. There are five major leukocytes. Which of the following is the rarest of the five when a person is not sick?

a. Basophils
b. Eosinophils
c. Monocytes
d. Neutrophils
e. None of these

A

a. Basophils

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16
Q
  1. You were observing a blood typing procedure in which a blood sample was taken from a volunteer who wishes to donate blood in a local medical facility. The blood was tested positive for an “anti-B” antibody. This could mean that:

a. The volunteer is a universal donor
b. The volunteer is a universal recipient
c. Impossible to determine
d. The volunteer has blood type A
e. The volunteer has blood type B

A

d. The volunteer has blood type A

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17
Q
  1. Which of the following leukocytes have the ability to produce antibodies?

a. Monocytes
b. Neutrophils
c. B lymphocytes
d. T lymphocytes
e. None of these

A

c. B lymphocytes

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18
Q
  1. During the process of erythropoiesis, all of the following are ejected from the developing erythrocyte, EXCEPT:

a. Nucleus
b. None of these
c. Hemoglobin
d. Organelles
e. All of these

A

c. Hemoglobin

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19
Q
  1. During hematopoiesis a specific stem cell will differentiate into other stem cells resulting in all the different cellular components of blood. Which of the following is the name of this original stem cell?

a. Erythroblast
b. Normoblast
c. Hemocytoblast
d. Leukocytoblast
e. Megakaryotes

A

c. Hemocytoblast

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20
Q
  1. The major element of whole blood is __________.

a. Plasma
b. Platelets
c. Leukocytes
d. RBC
e. Formed elements

A

a. Plasma

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21
Q
  1. The following are functions of the blood. Which is not included?

a. Balances blood pH
b. Levels osmotic pressure
c. Delivery of nutrients
d. Formed elements particularly the WBC helps in the immunity
e. All of the following are correct

A

e. All of the following are correct

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22
Q
  1. Coagulopathies interfere with the normal mechanism of the blood and affect the normal blood clotting factor that can result in the following, EXCEPT:

i. Excesses do not contribute to tissue infarction
ii. Deficits can contribute to bleeding abnormalities and clot formation
iii. Excesses can contribute to thromboemboli
iv. Excesses do not contribute to obstruction of blood flow to vital organs
v. Deficits and excesses are pathologic and interfere with oxygen transport

a. I, II and III
b. II and IV
c. I, III, V
d. Only I
e. I, II and IV

A

e. I, II and IV

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23
Q
  1. Oxygen binds to the _______ portion of hemoglobin.
    a. Iron
    b. Protein
    c. Globin
    d. None of these
A

a. Iron

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24
Q
  1. The nutritional component/s necessary for proper erythrocyte formation and malnutrition is/are:

a. All of these
b. Cyanocobalamin (Vit B12)
c. Iron
d. Pteroylglutamic acid
e. None of these

A

a. All of these

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25
Q
  1. During the process of erythropoiesis, the developing erythrocytes go through a variery of stages. During one stage, the cells are called yound or immature RBCs, otherwise known as ______.

a. Reticulocytes
b. Erythrocytes
c. Proerythroblast
d. Basophil erythroblast
e. None of these

A

a. Reticulocytes

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26
Q
  1. Formation of blood is termed

a. hematology
b. erythropoietin
c. erythropoiesis
d. leukocytosis
e. hematopoiesis

A

e. hematopoiesis

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27
Q
  1. The hormone that serves as the principal stimulus for RBC production is:

a. Thrombopoietin
b. Interleukin
c. Erythropoietin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Plasmin

A

c. Erythropoietin

28
Q
  1. In bacterial infection, the 1st line of defense is the:

a. Lymphocytes
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Macrophages

A

d. Macrophages

29
Q
  1. True of the RBC’s except:

a. It is biconcave disc
b. It is “anucleate”
c. Has a lifespan of 120 days
d. The spleen serves as its graveyard
e. All are correct

A

e. All are correct

30
Q
  1. The first generation cell in the formation of RBC is called

a. proerythroblast
b. erythroblast
c. basophil erythroblast
d. reticulocyte
e. erythrocyte

A

c. basophil erythroblast

31
Q
  1. The following mechanisms occur in a platelet plug:

i. Platelets begin to swell when they come in contact with a damaged vascular surface
ii. By itself, it can stop blood flow even if the hole in a vessel is large
iii. Assume irregular forms
iv. They do not stick to the collagen fibers

a. I, II and III
b. Only IV
c. II and IV
d. I and III
e. None of these

A

d. I and III

32
Q
  1. Give the ABG interpretation for the following results:

pH = 7.48
pO2 = 94 mmhg
pCO2 = 32 mmhg
HCO3 = 24 mEq/L

a. partially compensated respiratory acidosis
b. fully compensated respiratory alkalosis
c. partially compensated respiratory alkalosis
d. partially compensated metabolic alkalosis
e. NOTA

A

e. NOTA

33
Q
  1. A person with type A blood

i. Has anti-B antibodies
ii. Has type B antigens
iii. Will have a transfusion reaction if given type B blood
iv. Has anti-A antibodies

a. I, II and III
b. I and IV
c. I and III
d. Only III
e. II and IV

A

c. I and III

34
Q
  1. Histamine is a chemical that causes blood vessels to dilate in an effort to increase the flow of blood and subsequently leukocytes to the infected site. Which of the following leukocytes release the most histamine?

a. Basophils
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Macrophages
e. Lymphocytes

A

a. Basophils

35
Q
  1. Neutrophils are attracted to the site of an infection due to the process of ________.

a. Chemotaxis
b. Diapedesis
c. Hemotaxis
d. Thrombotaxis
e. Margination

A

a. Chemotaxis

36
Q
  1. Which of the following stimulates the release of erythropoietin?

a. Decreased amount of vitamin B12
b. Excess amount of oxygen going to the kidneys
c. Decreased amount of oxygen going to the kidneys
d. None of these

A

c. Decreased amount of oxygen going to the kidneys

37
Q
  1. Blood clotting mechanism involves the following:

i. Prothrombin acts as an enzyme to convert fibrinogen to fibrin
ii. Prothrombin is catalyzed to thrombin
iii. Fibrinogen is converted to fibrin threads to form the clot itself
iv. Prothrombin activator is formed in response to an allergic reaction

a. I, II and III
b. I and IV
c. Only II
d. II and IV
e. II and III

A

e. II and III

38
Q
  1. Causes of iron deficiency anemia. except:
    a. Blood donation
    b. Pregnancy
    c. Increased absorption
    d. Menstrual
    e. None of these
A

c. Increased absorption

39
Q
  1. Eryhtroblastosis fetalis can result when:

a. Rh (+) mother, Rh (+) father leads to Rh (+) child
b. Rh (-) mother, Rh (-) father leads to Rh (+) child
c. Rh (-) mother, Rh (-) father leads to Rh (-) child
d. Rh factor plays no role in erythroblastosis fetalis
e. Rh (-) mother, Rh (+) father leads to Rh (+) child

A

e. Rh (-) mother, Rh (+) father leads to Rh (+) child

40
Q
  1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of events leading to blood clotting?

a. Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation
b. Platelet aggregation, vasoconstriction, coagulation
c. Vasoconstriction, coagulation, platelet aggregation
d. Platelet aggregation, coagulation, vasoconstriction
e. None of these

A

a. Vasoconstriction, platelet aggregation, coagulation

41
Q
  1. “Poiesis” is a suffix that means “the formation of.” Therefore, thrombopoiesis would be the formation of ______.

a. Platelets
b. RBCs
c. WBCs
d. Formed elements
e. None of these

A

a. Platelets

Pppplatelets

42
Q
  1. Pernicious anemia is primarily caused by:

a. deficiency in pteryglutamic acid
b. lack of intrinsic factor that binds with vitamin B12
c. binding of intrinsic factor with vitamin B12
d. binding of intrinsic factor in the brush border
e. none of these

A

b. lack of intrinsic factor that binds with vitamin B12

43
Q
  1. Normal value of platelets

a. 100,000
b. 1,000,000
c. 3, 000
d. 300,000
e. 10,000

A

d. 300,000

44
Q
  1. Which of the following patients would be considered the universal recipient (in other words, who can receive blood from a type A, B, AB, and O donor)?

a. AB
b. O
c. Both of these
d. None of these

A

a. AB

45
Q
  1. Most leukocytes will leave the bloodstream and function to kill bacteria, etc., often times dying in the process. These leukocytes do not return to the bloodstream Which of the following leukocytes are the only ones that can leave and return to the bloodstream?

a. Monocytes
b. Lymphocytes
c. Neutrophils
d. None of these

A

b. Lymphocytes

46
Q
  1. True of Hemophilic disease, EXCEPT:

I. Classic Hemophilia is a condition characterized by the absence of clotting factor VIII
II. Acute attacks can be managed by factor transfusion and mobilization
III. X linked recessive disease that more commonly affects males
IV. Christmas disease is the absence of factor XI
V. Strenuous exercises are contraindicated

a. II and IV
b. IV only
c. II, III, IV
d. III, IV
e. I, III, V

A

a. II and IV

47
Q
  1. People with blood type AB have an antigen on the membrane of their erythrocytes that are labeled as “A” and also an antigen labeled as “B.” which of the following is in reference to people with blood type O?

a. They have only antigen O on their erythrocytes
b. They do not have antigen A or B on their erythrocytes
c. They have antigen A, B, and O on their erythrocytes
d. None of these

A

b. They do not have antigen A or B on their erythrocytes

48
Q
  1. During transfusions, the blood type that can be given to recipients of other blood type is:

a. Type A
b. Type B
c. None of these
d. Type AB
e. Type O

A

e. Type O

49
Q
  1. Macrophages in the skin are called:

a. Histiocytes
b. Type II alveolar cells
c. Kuppffer cells
d. Monocytes
e. Killer cells

A

a. Histiocytes

50
Q
  1. Some of the leukocytes have granules in their cytosol that consist of a variety of chemicals involved in defending the body. Which of the following cells typically do NOT contain granules?

a. Basophils
b. Neutrophils
c. Lymphocytes
d. Eosinophils
e. None of these

A

c. Lymphocytes

51
Q
  1. Phagocytosis is a process where some leukocytes (such as neutrophils) can _______.
    a. Engulf and kill bacteria
    b. Enter and exit the blood stream in order to go to the infected site
    c. Kill bacteria by releasing a host of chemicals that act as toxins to the bacteria
    d. All of these
A

a. Engulf and kill bacteria

52
Q
  1. Leukocyte involved in parasitic infections?
    a. Basophils
    b. Eosinophils
    c. Monocytes
    d. B cell
    e. T cell
A

b. Eosinophils

53
Q
  1. Monocytes
    a. Are the smallest white blood cells
    b. Increase in number during chronic infections
    c. Give rise to neutrophils
    d. Produce antibodies
    e. None of these
A

b. Increase in number during chronic infections

54
Q
  1. Smallest cellular component of blood
    a. Platelet
    b. Neutrophil
    c. Lymphocytes
    d. RBC
    e. None of these
A

a. Platelet

CODE: plateLIIT

55
Q
  1. This immunoglobulin is responsible for type 1 hypersensitivity reaction

a. IgM
b. IgE
c. IgG
d. IgD
e. IgA

A

b. IgE

56
Q
  1. The main cellular target of the HIV virus that causes AIDS is:

a. Cytotoxic T cells
b. Suppressor T cells
c. Macrophages
d. Helper T cells
e. B cells

A

d. Helper T cells

57
Q
  1. The following are functions of the blood. Which is not included?

a. Balances blood pH
b. Levels osmotic pressure
c. Delivery of nutrients
d. Formed elements particularly the WBC helps in the immunity
e. All of the following are correct

A

e. All of the following are correct

58
Q
  1. Formation of blood is termed

a. hematology
b. erythropoietin
c. erythropoiesis
d. leukocytosis
e. hematopoiesis

A

e. hematopoiesis

Hema: blood
Poiesis: formation

59
Q
  1. The hormone that serves as the principal stimulus for RBC production is:

a. Thrombopoietin
b. Interleukin
c. Erythropoietin
d. Acetylcholine
e. Plasmin

A

c. Erythropoietin

60
Q
  1. In bacterial infection, the 1st line of defense is the:

a. Lymphocytes
b. Neutrophils
c. Eosinophils
d. Macrophages

A

d. Macrophages

61
Q
  1. Neutrophils are attracted to the site of an infection due to the process of ________.

a. Chemotaxis
b. Diapedesis
c. Hemotaxis
d. Thrombotaxis
e. Margination

A

e. Margination

62
Q
  1. Causes of iron deficiency anemia. except:

a. Blood donation
b. Pregnancy
c. Increased absorption
d. Menstrual
e. None of these

A

c. Increased absorption

A, B, AND D: Lahat mababawasan ng dugo

63
Q
  1. Eryhtroblastosis fetalis can result when:
    a. Rh (+) mother, Rh (+) father leads to Rh (+) child
    b. Rh (-) mother, Rh (-) father leads to Rh (+) child
    c. Rh (-) mother, Rh (-) father leads to Rh (-) child
    d. Rh factor plays no role in erythroblastosis fetalis
    e. Rh (-) mother, Rh (+) father leads to Rh (+) child
A

e. Rh (-) mother, Rh (+) father leads to Rh (+) child

64
Q
  1. Normal value of platelets

a. 100,000
b. 1,000,000
c. 3, 000
d. 300,000
e. 10,000

A

d. 300,000

65
Q
  1. During transfusions, the blood type that can be given to recipients of other blood type is:

a. Type A
b. Type B
c. None of these
d. Type AB
e. Type O

A

e. Type O

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