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Back and Spine AnaKines Flashcards

1
Q

The specialized joint of the craniovertebral area are formed by one centrally located articulation & two facet whose axis of motion is vertical through the dens, accounting to 50% of rotation in the cervical area:

a. None of these
b. Atlanto-occipital joint
c. Cervical vertebral articulation
d. Atlanto-axial joint

A

Atlanto-axial joint

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2
Q

The atlanto-occipital joint is an example of this joint:

a. Ball and socket
b. Condyloid
c. Trochoid
d. Hinge

A

Condyloid

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3
Q

The bony landmark corresponding to the xiphoid process?

a. T7
b. T10
c. T12
d. T5

A

T10

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4
Q

During lumbar flexion, the intervertebral disc:

a. flattens posteriorly and pushed anteriorly
b. flattens anteriorly and pushed posteriorly
c. flattens and pushed posteriorly
d. flattens and pushed anteriorly

A

flattens anteriorly and pushed posteriorly

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5
Q

A cervical facet joint oriented in sagittal plane will allow:

a. Flexion-extension
b. Lateral bending
c. Rotation
d. All of these

A

Flexion-extension

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6
Q

The alar ligaments limit stabilizing C1 and C2.

a. Flexion and rotation
b. Flexion and extension
c. Extension and rotation
d. Rotation and lateral flexion

A

Flexion and rotation

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7
Q

A therapist palpates medially along the spine of the scapula. Which spinous process is at the same level as the vertebral end of the spine?

a. T2
b. T3
c. T4
d. T5

A

T3

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8
Q

Lumbar lordosis develops during:

a. 2nd-3rd months
b. 5th-6th months
c. 8th-10 months
d. 10-12 months

A

10-12 months

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9
Q

Which vertebral body has a bifid spinous process?

a. Cervical
b. Thoracic
c. Lumbar
d. Sacral

A

Cervical

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10
Q

This structure provides humans the ability to lift heavy weights overhead; it also stabilizes the trunk for throwing objects with high velocities.

a. Brachioradialis
b. Quadriceps
c. Strong rectus abdominis
d. Thoracolumbar Fascia

A

Thoracolumbar Fascia

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11
Q

The first cervical vertebra (atlas) has all the following anatomic features EXCEPT:

a. Lateral masses
b. Spinous process
c. Inferior articular facets
d. Superior articular facets
e. Anterior arch

A

Spinous process

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12
Q

Primarily acts as the shock absorber in the IV disc?

a. Annulus fibrosus
b. Nucleus pulposus
c. Both
d. None of these

A

Nucleus pulposus

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13
Q

TRUE statements about the joint of Von Luschka, EXCEPT:

a. Involves C3 - C7 vertebrae
b. Comprising of body of the superior vertebra and paired base of pedicles of the inferior vertebra
c. Found only in cervical vertebrae
d. Also known as the uncovertebral joints
e. Total of 10 joints

A

Total of 10 joints

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14
Q

Characteristics of a TYPICAL lumbar vertebrae, EXCEPT:

a. Vertebral body is kidney-shaped
b. Spinal canal is triangular in shape
c. Has transverse foramina
d. No costal pits
e. Spinous process are short, thick and broad, and quadrilateral in shape

A

Has transverse foramina

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15
Q

It is the ligament that is pierced when performing lumbar punctures?

a. Anterior longitudinal ligament
b. Posterior longitudinal ligament
c. Intertransverse ligament
d. Supraspinous ligament
e. Ligamentum flavum

A

Ligamentum flavum

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16
Q

The most limited motion in the lumbar spine is:

a. Flexion
b. Rotation
c. Extension
d. Lateral bending
e. The lumbar spine is not limited in any direction of movement

A

Rotation

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17
Q

The height of these specific vertebrae may be used to determine the corresponding landmark, EXCEPT:

a. C2 - level with hyoid bone
b. T10 body - tip of the xiphoid process
c. S2- height of posterior superior iliac spines
d. L4 spinous process - level with the highest portion of the crest of the ilium

A

C2 - level with hyoid bone

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18
Q

The characteristic feature of the fifth cervical vertebra is its:

a. Heart-shaped body
b. Rounded vertebral foramen
c. Large pedicles
d. Small body
e. Costal facets on transverse process

A

Small body

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19
Q

Orientation of thoracic facet joints?

a. Superior: lateral, inferior: medial
b. Superior: backward & lateral, inferior: forward & medial
c. Superior: medial, inferior: lateral
d. Superior: upward & backward, inferior: downward & forward

A

Superior: backward & lateral, inferior: forward & medial

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20
Q

The seventh cervical vertebra is characterized by having:

a. The longest spinous process
b. A large foramen transvesarium
c. A kidney-shaped body
d. A medium-size body
e. An odontoid process

A

The longest spinous process

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21
Q

What comprises the three-joint complex?

a. Adjacent vertebral bodies and IV disc
b. Paired superior and paired inferior facets
c. Vertebral body of the superior vertebra and paired base of pedicles of the inferior vertebra
d. A and B

A

A and B

22
Q

This median-placed structure connects the apex of the odontoid process to the anterior margin of the foramen magnum?

a. Anterior atlanto-occipital membrane
b. Apical ligament
c. Alar ligaments
d. Membrana tectoria

A

Apical ligament

23
Q

The following are structures pass through transverse foramen, EXCEPT:

a. Spinal column arteries
b. Sympathetic nerves
c. None of these
d. Vertebral arteries

A

Spinal column arteries

24
Q

Close-packed position of the vertebral column:

a. Extension
b. Midway flexion & extension
c. Side flexion & rotation, extension
d. Flexion

A

Extension

25
Q

Transversospinalis is composed of an intermediate oblique running muscles comprising of which of the following. EXCEPT:

a. Multifidus
b. Iliocostalis
c. Rotatores
d. Semispinalis

A

Iliocostalis

26
Q

The bony landmark corresponding to the tubercle of iliac crest?

a. L4
b. L5
c. S1
d. S2
e. S3

A

L5

27
Q

The adult spine is composed of vertebrae:

a. 37
b. 33
c. 36
d. 28
e. 26

A

26

28
Q

The broadest muscle in the body and is considered a large, flat muscle covering the width of the middle and lower back?

a. Splenius
b. Scalenes
c. Suboccipital muscles
d. Trapezius
e. Latissimus dorsi

A

Latissimus dorsi

29
Q

It is also known as the “Yellow ligament”?

a. Ligamentum flavum
b. Ligamentum nuchae
c. Transverse ligament
d. Interspinous ligament

A

Ligamentum flavum

30
Q

The anterior longitudinal ligament if injured due to a sprain may cause the affected spinal segment to:

a. Move less during spinal extension
b. Move excessively during spinal flexion
c. Move less during spinal flexion
d. Move excessively during spinal extension

A

Move excessively during spinal extension

31
Q

The ligament that unites the adjacent transverse process?

a. Supraspinous ligament
b. Ligamentum flava
c. Ligamentum nuchae
d. Intertransverse ligament
e. Interspinous ligament

A

Intertransverse ligament

32
Q

Asking the patient to perform oblique sit-ups to the right would test which of the following muscle groups:

a. Rectus abdominis & right internal oblique
b. Left internal oblique & right external oblique
c. Right internal oblique & left external oblique
d. Rectus abdominis & left internal oblique

A

Right internal oblique & left external oblique

33
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament is incomplete posteriorly ____•

a. Below L1
b. Above L2
c. Below L4
d. Below L2

A

Below L2

34
Q

It is the force generated by the annulus fibrosus once it was stretched?

a. Howl stretch
b. Hoop stretch
c. Stretch marks
d. Pull stretch

A

Hoop stretch

35
Q

The intervertebral disks account for about …. of the height of the vertebral column.

a. 15%
b. 20%
c. 25%
d. 30%

A

25%

36
Q

This cervical ligament prevents the posterior subluxation of dens when fractured?

a. Transverse ligament
b. Anterior longitudinal ligament
c. Alar ligament
d. Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Transverse ligament

37
Q

The cervical and lumbar curves are known as .. they begin to form later, several months after birth.

a. Primary curves
b. Secondary curves
c. A and B
d. None of the above

A

Secondary curves

38
Q

The SI joint corresponds with what verterbral level?

a. L4
b. L5
c. S1
d. S2

A

S2

39
Q

The intervertebral discs are the main structures that bind together the vertebral bodies, and they extend:

a. from C1 to the sacrum
b. from C2 to L5
c. from C2 to the sacrum
d. from C1 to L5

A

from C2 to the sacrum

40
Q

The vertebral foramina enclose the spinal cord; the intervertebral foramina provide spaces through which spinal nerves exit the vertebral column.

a. Both statements are false
b. First statement is true, second statement is false
c. Both statements are true
d. First statement is false, second statement is true

A

Both statements are true

41
Q

A typical lumbar vertebra has the following characteristics:
I. The body is large and kidney shaped.
Il. The vertebral foramina are triangular.
Ill. The transverse processes are long and slender.
IV. The spinous processes are short, flat, and quadrangularand project posteriorly.
V. The articular surfaces of the superior articular processesface laterally, and those of the inferior articular processesface medially.

a. I, II and III
b. I, III and V
c. I, II, III and IV
d. I, II, III, IV and V

A

I, II, III and IV

42
Q

While assessing the posture of a patient, you note that the T2 spinous process in the thoracic region appears to be rotated to the left. Which bony landmark would you be using to make this approximation of the vertebral level?

a. Inferior angle of the scapula
b. Superior angle of the scapula
c. Spine of the scapula
d. Xiphoid process of the sternum

A

Superior angle of the scapula

43
Q

Flexion-extension from lumbar vertebrae totals how much?

a. 30 degrees
b. 65 degrees
c. 45 degrees
d. 90 degrees

A

65 degrees

44
Q

The pedicles are widest at what vertebral level?

a. T4
b. T5
c. L4
d. L5

A

L5

45
Q

The most superficial muscle in the posterior trunk:

a. Semispinalis
b. Multifidus muscles
c. Longissimus
d. Rotation and suboccipital muscles

A

Longissimus

46
Q

Thyroid cartilage is at the level of:

а. Сз
b. C4-C5
c. C6
d. T7 spine
e. T2 spine

A

C4-C5

47
Q

An atypical cervical vertebra known as the epistropeus?

a. C1
b. C2
c. C7
d. C5-C6

A

C2

48
Q

A typical thoracic vertebra has the following characteristics:
I. The body is medium size and heart shaped.
Il. The vertebral foramen is small and circular.
Ill. The spines are long and inclined downward.
IV. Costal facets are present on the sides of the bodies forarticulation with the heads of the ribs.
V. The superior articular processes bear facets that faceposteriorly and laterally, whereas the facets on the inferiorarticular processes face anteriorly and medially.

a. I, II and III
b. I, III and V
c. I, II and IV
d. I, II, III, IV and V

A

I, II, III, IV and V

49
Q

Leaning the trunk forward when standing from a sitting position is better accomplished because of:

a. Forward shifting of the line of gravity
b. Forward shifting of the center of gravity
c. Increased posterior torque
d. Increased anterior torque

A

Forward shifting of the center of gravity

50
Q

At the point where a lamina and pedicle join, a ___________ extends laterally on each side.

a. Spinous process
b. Transverse process
c. Superior articular process
d. Inferior articular process

A

Transverse process

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