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Neuro 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Impairment of the triceps reflex most likely suggests involvement of what root?

a. C5
b. C8
c. T1
d. T2

A

C8

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2
Q

A fracture between L5-S1 vertebrae will affect which of the following spinal nerves?

a. L4
b. L5
c. S1
d. S2

A

L5 - Kasi hindi siya Disc Herniation Fracture lang siya.

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3
Q

Which of these dermatomal representations is incorrect?

a. C2 – posterior neck and occiput
b. C3 – anterior neck down to the clavicle
c. C4 – arms at and above the elbow
d. C6 – forearm and radial side of the fingers
e. NOTA

A

C4 - Acromioclavicular (Shoulder Area lang)

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4
Q

The nerve that exits between the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae was compressed by a slipped disc. Which of the following manifestations will you expect?

a. Weakness of biceps
b. Inability to extend the elbow
c. Paresthesia of the thumb
d. Weakness of shoulder shrugging
e. None of these

A

Weakness of Biceps (C5)

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5
Q

The following statements DEPICT the distribution of some spinal segments and roots:

I. the tenth thoracic segment is at the umbilicus level
II. the sacral dermatomes innervate the saddle area
III. the anterior neck and upper shoulders are innervated by the cervical plexus, largely by C4
IV. The third thoracic segment is at the nipple area.

a. All of these
b. I, II and III
c. II and IV
d. Only IV
e. None of these

A

I, II, III

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6
Q

The following statements about myotomes are correct, EXCEPT:

a. ECRL and ECRB corresponds to C5, C6 myotomes
b. FCU and ECU corresponds to C8 myotomes
c. Iliopsoas is represented by the L2, L3 myotomes
d. The peroneus longus and brevis are represented by the S1
e. None of these

A

None of these

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7
Q

Neck flexion isometric movements is a test for muscles innervated by roots:

a. C3-C4
b. C1-C2
c. C5-C6
d. C4-C5

A

C1-C2

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8
Q

The origin of the parasympathetic preganglionic nerve fibers supplying the urinary bladder is:

a. Inferior mesenteric ganglion
b. Sacral spinal cord segments 2,3,4
c. Dorsal motor nucleus of vagus nerve
d. Lumbar spinal cord segments 1,2,3

A

Sacral spinal cord segments 2,3,4

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9
Q

These cranial nerve are connected with the parasympathetic nervous system, EXCEPT: I. Facial
II. Vagus
III. Glossopharyngeal
IV. Oculomotor

a. All of these
b. I, II and III
c. II and IV
d. I and III
e. None of these

A

None of these

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10
Q

Sudden stretch of a skeletal muscle results in a reflex contraction of that muscle mediated by a simple and usually monosynaptic reflex arc. The following statements are true of the reflex arc, EXCEPT:

a. Intramedullary fibers synapse on the motor neurons in the neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord or on motor nuclei in the lower brainstem
b. The afferent side of the arc begins with muscle stretch receptors whose cell bodies are in the ventral root ganglia
c. Enhanced response in the reflex arc may mean disease of the cord, brainstem or hemispheres and is a basic characteristic of the spastic state
d. The stretch reflex will be exaggerated when normal function of the pyramidal tract above the lower motor neuron is chronically suppressed or destroyed
e. The efferent side of the arc is the motor neuron with its axon and terminal structure which innervate the muscle

A

The afferent side of the arc begins with muscle stretch receptors whose cell bodies are in the ventral root ganglia - walang VRG

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11
Q

Sympathetic nerve damage consistent with Horner’s syndrome include the following manifestations, EXCEPT:
I. Ptosis
II. Miosis
III. Loss of facial sweating
IV. Exopthalmos

a. All of these
b. None of these
c. I, II and III
d. Only IV
e. II and IV

A

D. Exopthalmus

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12
Q

The following are key muscles represented by the C7 myotome:

I. triceps
II. EPL
III. Flexor carpi radialis
IV. FDP

a. All of these
b. I, II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. Only IV

A

I. Triceps - Elbow extensor
II. EPL - thumb extensor
III. Flexor carpi radialis - Wrist Flexor

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13
Q

If a reflex pathway is composed of two neurons, it is called:

a. Polysynaptic
b. Monosynaptic
c. Bisynaptic
d. Interneuron

A

Monosynaptic

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14
Q

While there are eight nerves that exit the cervical spine, there are only seven cervical vertebrae. Where does the first thoracic nerve exit?

a. Above the second thoracic vertebra
b. Below the first thoracic vertebra
c. Above the first thoracic vertebra
d. Below the second thoracic vertebra
e. Below the seventh cervical vertebra

A

Below the first thoracic vertebra

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15
Q

The quadriceps muscle represents the ____ myotome.

a. L1
b. L5
c. L2
d. L3
e. L4

A

L3

Code: quad3ceps

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16
Q

The human peripheral nervous system is composed of _____ I. 10 pairs of cranial nerves
II. 12 pairs of cranial nerves
III. 31 pairs of spinal nerves
IV. 33 pairs of spinal nerves

a. I and III
b. I and IV
c. II and III
d. II and IV

A

12 pairs of cranial nerves & 31 pairs of spinal nerves

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17
Q

What dermatome is used to test C7?

a. Middle finger
b. Forearm
c. Apex of the axilla
d. Thumb

A

Middle Finger

Code: shete pag naka middle finger (siyete)

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18
Q

Which maneuver would best assess for weakness in S1 radiculopathy?

a. Bending forward
b. Squatting and arising
c. Toe walking
d. Walking on heels

A

Toe walking

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19
Q

A 42 yo woman with metastatic breast cancer is known to have tumors in the intervertebral foramina between the fourth and fifth cervical vertebrae and between the fourth and fifth thoracic vertebrae. Which of the following spinal nerves may be damaged?

a. Fourth cervical and fourth thoracic
b. Fifth cervical and fifth thoracic
c. Fourth cervical and fifth thoracic
d. Fifth cervical and fourth thoracic
e. Third cervical and fourth thoracic

A

Fifth cervical and fourth thoracic

Cervical: 2nd
Thoracic: 1st

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20
Q

This reflex with a C6 component, primarily indicates the neurologic integrity of C5:

a. triceps reflex
b. brachioradialis reflex
c. biceps reflex
d. jaw reflex
e. flexor reflex

A

Biceps Reflex

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21
Q

the relationship of vertebral levels to cord segments and to spinal roots are as follows; EXCEPT
I. The C1 root has no sensory component
II. There are eight cervical cord segments and roots but only 7 vertebrae
III. The C8 root exits below C7 vertebra and from there down numbered roots leave below the correspondingly numbered vertebrae
IV. In the cervical region, the cord segments approximate the corresponding numbered vertebra, and the roots leave the cord nearly a right angle

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. None of these

A

None of these

22
Q

During heavy exercise, there is an increase in sympathetic activity. This would result in vasoconstriction of the blood vessels in the following organs:

I. Kidneys
II. Liver
III. Splanchnic organs
IV. Skeletal muscles

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. Only IV

A

I, II, III - Skeletal MS. is not included (vasodilation)

23
Q

The iliopsoas myotome is represented by:

a. L1, L2
b. L2, L3
c. L2, L3,L4
d. L3,L4

A

L2, L3 - Sullivan

24
Q

The following statements are true of lesions in the posterior roots:
I. Loss of sensation in a dermatomal distribution is apparent
II. Frequent cause of injury is herniation of nucleus pulposus
III. Injury usually results in pain and paresthesia that occur in the distribution of the affected roots
IV. There is no loss of associated muscle reflex

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. None of these

A

I, II, III

25
Q

The following statements describe the patellar reflex, EXCEPT:
I. A deep tendon reflex mediated through nerves emanating from L2,L3 and L4 neurological levels
II. For clinical application, the patellar reflex is to be considered an L4 reflex
III. While the reflex may be significantly diminished, it is rarely totally absent
IV. Even if the L4 nerve root is pathologically involved, the reflex may still be present

a. All of these
b. None of these
c. I,II and III
d. I and III
e. II and IV

A

None of these

26
Q

A possible C7 nerve root lesion would include which manifestation?

a. Present biceps reflex
b. Wear wrist extension
c. Absent elbow extension
d. Present triceps reflex
e. None of these

A

Present biceps reflex

27
Q

A posterolateral protrusion of the IV disc between L5-S1 vertebrae would most likely affect which of the following spinal nerves?

a. L3
b. L4
c. L5
d. S1
e. S2

A

S1

28
Q

Which part of the brain exerts the greatest controlling influence on functions subserved by the ANS?

a. Thalamus
b. Cerebral cortex
c. Midbrain
d. Hypothalamus
e. Limbic system

A

Hypothalamus

Hypothalamus controls both para and sympa

29
Q

Due to its connection with post ganglionic neurons, it constricts the pupil and is included in light and accommodation reflexes:

a. CN 2
b. CN 4
c. CN 3
d. CN 5

A

CN 3

Code: cons3ct

30
Q

The following statements apply to the dorsal root ganglia:

a. Round cells with one process leaving the body
b. Origin of afferent sensory fibers
c. Both of these
d. None of these

A

Both of these

31
Q

he ECRL/ECRB represents the ____ myotome:

a. C5
b. C5,C6
c. C7
d. C8
e. T1

A

C5, C6

Code: ECuRL ng kamay

32
Q

Effects of Sympathetic nervous system activity include the following, EXCEPT:

a. Pupillary dilation
b. Acceleration of heart rate
c. Dilation of blood vessels of the extremities and trunk
d. Inhibition of gastric motility
e. Secretion from the adrenal medulla

A

Dilation of blood vessels of the extremities and trunk

33
Q

A stress response includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

a. Activation of the hypothalamus
b. Increased concentration of blood glucose
c. Increased blood pressure
d. Increased rates of cellular metabolism
e. Increased secretion of stomach glands

A

Increased secretion of stomach glands

Para pag sa tiyan

34
Q

ll of the following statements concerning the parasympathetic nervous system are correct:

I.The origins of the preganglionic neurons are sacral levels S2-S4 and cranial nerves 3,7,9,10
II.The transmitter released at pre-ganglionic ending is acetylcholine
III.The transmitter released at post-ganglionic ending is acetylcholine
IV. Preganglionic neurons are regulated by descending fibers from the forebrain

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. III and IV
e. None of these

A

All of these - Hypothalamus is at the forebrain

35
Q

The fight or flight reaction of the sympathetic nervous system may cause a phenomenon known as mass discharge. Common physiological responses exhibited here are
I. Increased awareness of environment
II. Blood flow returns to viscera/ GI tract
III. Glucose production and release increases
IV. Pupils constrict

a. All of these
b. I, II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. None of these

A

I & III

II- Para
IV- Para

36
Q

Medial hamstring reflex:

a. L5 to S2
b. L5 to S1
c. L3 to L4
d. S1 to S2
e. L4 to L5

A

L5 & S1

If lateral, S1 - S2

37
Q

The Brachial Plexus is formed by:

a. Ventral rami of C5-T1
b. Dorsal rami of C5-T1
c. Ventral rami of C6-T1
d. Dorsal rami of C6-T1

A

Ventral rami of C5-T1

38
Q

Carries impulses from the CNS:

a. Efferent fibers
b. Afferent fibers
c. Both of these
d. None of these

A

Efferent fibers - if TO the CNS (Afferent)

39
Q

The autonomic nervous system innervates:
I. Skeletal muscles
II. Cardiac muscles
III. Skin
IV. Smooth muscles

a. All of these
b. I and III
c. II and IV
d. Only IV
e. I,II and III

A

II & IV (The skeletal muscles and skin are innervated by the Somatic Nervous System)

40
Q

Which of the following attributes are shared by both sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways?
I. Has long pre-ganglionic and short post ganglionic fibers
II. Uses norepinephrine in most cases for transmitter substance
III. Uses acetylcholine as a ganglion transmitter
IV. Innervate cardiac muscle, glands and viscera

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. III and IV
d. II and IV

A

III and IV

Para: short pre- ganglion, long post- ganglion

Sympa: long pre-ganglion, short post-ganglion

41
Q

Supplied by the femoral nerve, this neurologic level spans the anterior thigh immediately at and above the knee joint:

a. L2
b. L3
c. L4
d. S1
e. S2

A

L3 (Femoral Nerve L2, L3, L4)

42
Q

Myotomal level for extensor carpi ulnaris:

a. C5
b. C6
c. C8
d. C7
e. T1

A

C8

43
Q

The spinal nerve innervating the skin over the index finger exits between these two vertebrae:

a. C2-C3
b. C3-C4
c. C4-C5
d. C5-C6
e. C6-C7

A

C5 - C6

44
Q

Parasympathetic action of urinary bladder:
I. Contraction of bladder
II. Contraction of internal sphincter
III. Relaxation of internal sphincter
IV. Relaxation of bladder

a. All of these
b. I and III
c. II and IV
d. I and II
e. III and IV

A

I and III

45
Q

The paired spinal nerves are as follows:
I. 7 cervical pairs
II. 12 thoracic pairs
III. 5 lumbar pairs
IV. 5 sacral pairs
V. 1 coccygeal pair

a. All of these
b. I, II, III and IV
c. II,III,IV and V
d. II, III and V
e. I, III, V

A

II,III,IV and V

46
Q

The sympathetic division of the ANS originates from:
I. The thoracic spinal segments
II. Certain cranial nerve nuclei
III. The upper lumbar spinal segments
IV. The second, third and fourth sacral segments of the spinal cord

a. I,II and III
b. I and III
c. II and IV
d. Only IV
e. All of these

A

I and III (T1 - L3)

47
Q

The great parasympathetic nerve innervates the thorax and abdomen:

a. CN 7
b. CN 10
c. CN 9
d. CN 3
e. CN 5

A

CN 10

48
Q

Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter of the:
I. Myoneural junction
II. Post-Ganglionic sweat glands
III. Pre-ganglionic autonomic endings
IV. Majority of the post-ganglionic sympathetic endings

a. All of these
b. I,II and III
c. I and III
d. II and IV
e. None of these

A

I,II and III

IV kasi is di na Acetylcholine

49
Q

Acetylcholine is released at the vagal nerve endings through the stimulation of the parasympathetic nerves to the heart. Effects of this include:

a. Increases the transmission of cardiac impulse to the ventricles
b. Increases the rate of rhythm of the Sinus Node
c. Both of these
d. None of these

A

None of these

50
Q

A patient with a diagnosis of cervical radiculopathy reports numbness on the lateral arm. The therapist would most likely find a diminished tendon reflex in :

a. Triceps
b. Biceps
c. Brachioradialis
d. Deltoid

A

Biceps

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