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Back and Spine Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Non-innervated structures of the spine, except:

a. Posterior longitudinal ligament
b. Ligamentum flavum
c. Internal annulus
d. Nucleus pulposus
e. None of the above

A

Posterior longitudinal ligament

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2
Q

A posterior disc herniation of the lumbar disc between vertebrae L4 and L5 most likely results in damage to which nerve root?

a. L4
b. L5
c. L4 and L5
d. L5 and S1

A

L5

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3
Q

All are TRUE regarding lordotic posture, except:

a. Increased lumbar lordosis
b. Tight abdominals
c. Increased anterior pelvic tilt
d. Increased lumbo-sacral angle
e. Tight hip flexors

A

Tight abdominals

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4
Q

Characterized by increased thoracic curve, protracted scapula and usually accompanied by a forward head:

a. Lordotic posture
b. Sway back
c. Flat low back
d. Round back

A

Round back

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5
Q

Which of the following terms describes the deformity of the neck that causes rotation and tilting of the head in the opposite direction?

a. Disc calcification
b. Disc herniation
c. Cervical strain
d. Torticollis

A

Torticollis

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6
Q

The X-ray of an 11/F gymnast shows a “scottie dog” which represents a fracture of the pars interarticularis of the lumbar spine. This exercise should be avoided with her:

a. Trunk lateral flexion
b. Trunk flexion
c. Trunk hyperextension
d. Trunk rotation

A

Trunk hyperextension

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7
Q

A patient with a confirmed left C6 nerve root compression due to foraminal encroachment complains of pain in his left thumb and index finger. The most effective cervical position to alleviate this radicular pain in weightbearing is:

a. Lower cervical flexion
b. Lower cervical extension
c. Left side bending
d. Right rotation

A

Lower cervical flexion

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8
Q

Whiplash injury from a rear-end collision would tear the:

a. Posterior longitudinal ligament
b. Anterior longitudinal ligament
c. Ligamentum nuchae
d. Ligamentum flavum

A

Anterior longitudinal ligament

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9
Q

The therapist is reviewing X-rays from a patient with spondylolysis. The best radiographic view to observe this bony anomaly is:

a. Posteroanterior
b. Anteroposterior
c. Lateral
d. Oblique

A

Oblique

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10
Q

Scoliosis is most common in:

a. Infantile
b. Juvenile
c. Adolescent
d. None of these

A

Adolescent

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11
Q

In the geriatric population, present:

a. Spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis
b. Spodylolysis, spondylolisthesis
c. Spondyloschisis, spondylolysis
d. Spondylolisthesis, spondyloschisis

A

Spondylolisthesis, spondylolysis

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12
Q

The therapist is performing an orthopedic test on a 25-year-old man with the chief complaint of LBP. The patient has a positive Thomas test. With this information, what might the therapist used to include in the treatment plan?

a. stretching of the hip abductors
b. stretching of the hip adductors
c. stretching of the hip extensors
d. stretching of the hip flexors

A

stretching of the hip flexors

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13
Q

A patient was referred to therapist complaining of loss of cervical AROM. His x-rays showed DJD at the uncinate processes in the cervical spine. The motion that would be MOST restricted would be:

a. Flexion
b. Extension
c. Side bending
d. Rotation

A

Side bending

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14
Q

When treating a patient who has ankylosing spondylitis, the muscles requiring the MOST emphasis for strengthening exercises are the:

a. Pectorals
b. Hip flexors
c. Back extensors
d. Abdominals

A

Back extensors

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15
Q

Patients with a poking chin or forward head posture is a result of them following EXCEPT:

a. overactivity of the SCMs
b. weakness of the deep cervical flexors
c. overactivity of the levator scapulae
d. overactivity of the deep cervical flexors

A

overactivity of the deep cervical flexors

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16
Q

The patient enters the clinic with acute back pain. Upon testing you notice that the back pain increases from the low back pain down the right posterior aspect of the LE. You perform a ROM assessment and repeated flexion severely increases the patient’s pain. In implementing as treatment program for this patient, which of the following would be the most appropriate exercise to initially start?

a. William’s exercise
b. McKenzie exercises
c. Prone lying x 15 minutes
d. Proper posture and body mechanics instruction

A

McKenzie exercises

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17
Q

Patient is a 66-year-old female complaining of pain in her spine. posture evaluation reveals a rounded thoracic convexity, x-rays are normal. this is called a kyphosis in older aging patients. What is another name of the same condition in adolescents?

a. Kyphosis
b. Scheuermann’s disease
c. Scoliosis
d. A and B

A

Scheuermann’s disease

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18
Q

The therapist is reviewing X-rays from a patient with grade 3 spondylolisthesis. The best radiographic view to observe this bony anomaly is:

a. Posteroanterior
b. Anteroposterior
c. Oblique
d. Lateral

A

Lateral

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19
Q

Tzietze’s syndrome is characterized by:

a. Cervical rib dislocation
b. Apical pleuritis of the lungs
c. Painful swelling of the costochondral junction
d. Myodynia of the pectoralis major

A

Painful swelling of the costochondral junction

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20
Q

Lumbar spinal stenosis may be caused by which of the following:
I. Disc herniation
Il. Formation of bone spurs
IlI. Ligamentum hypertrophy
IV. Facet joint hypertrophy

a. I, II and III
b. I, II and IV
c. II, III and IV
d. All are correct

A

All are correct

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21
Q

A 29-year-old male diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis reports progressive stiffening of the spine and associated pain for more than five years.
The patient’s MOST typical standing posture demonstrates:

a. posterior thoracic rib hump
b. flattened lumbar curve, exaggerated thoracic curve
c. excessive lumbar curve, flattened thoracic curve
d. lateral curvature of the spine with fixed rotation of the vertebrae

A

flattened lumbar curve, exaggerated thoracic curve

22
Q

A therapist employed in an out-patient private practice receives a referral for a patient diagnosed with spondylolisthesis. Which of the following scenarios would be MOST consistent with the medical diagnosis?

a. A 13-year-old female gymnast with no significant medical history
b. A 17-year-old female tennis player with a 15-degree lateral curvature of the spine
c. A 28-year-old male machinist with a history of recurrent low back pain
d. A 67-year-old male with a previous diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis

A

A 13-year-old female gymnast with no significant medical history

23
Q

A 42-year-old patient is experiencing TMJ dysfunction. He stated that there is a (+) click upon mouth closing. As a therapist, you might give an expression that the patient is suffering from:

a. Disc displacement
b. TMJ synovitis
c. TMJ displacement
d. TMJ capsulitis

A

TMJ displacement

24
Q

What are the signs & symptoms of a temporomandibular anterior displaced disc with reduction?

a. Crepitation with loss of opening
b. Clicking with opening
c. No clicking with loss of opening
d. TMJ tenderness & loss of opening

A

Clicking with opening

25
Q

Is the most disabling deformity of the spine among adults?

a. Ankylosing spondylitis
b. Lumbar spinal instability
c. Scoliosis
d. Rachischisis

A

Scoliosis

26
Q

The most common technique used to measure the scoliosis of a patient?

a. Cobb’s
b. Nash-Moe
c. Risser-Ferguson
d. Harrington
e. Luque

A

Cobb’s

Has given a more appropriate values when it comes to the lateral curvature of the spine

27
Q

The most common type of spondylolisthesis:

a. Degenerative
b. Traumatic
c. Isthmic
d. Dysplastic
e. Pathologic

A

Isthmic

28
Q

Most common direction of herniated nucleus pulposus in the lumbar region

a. Posterolateral
b. Posterior
c. Central
d. Foraminal

A

Posterolateral

29
Q

In this type of herniated nucleous pulposus, the patient may or may not have low back pain. What is this type?

a. Posterolateral
b. Foraminal
c. Central
d. Posterior

A

Foraminal

30
Q

Herniation of nucleus pulposus into the vertebral body is termed:

a. Disc protrusion
b. Schmorl’s nodes
c. Spondylosis
d. Spondylolysis

A

Schmorl’s nodes

31
Q

A 14-year-old girl with right thoracic scoliosis is referred to therapist. The therapist should expect which of the following findings:

a. Left shoulder high, left scapula prominent, & right hip high
b. Left shoulder low, right scapula prominent, & left hip high
c. Right shoulder high, right scapula prominent, & right hip high
d. Right shoulder low, right scapula prominent, & left hip high

A

Left shoulder low, right scapula prominent, & left hip high

32
Q

Curvature of the spine in the anterior-posterior direction in which the convexity is in the posterior direction?

a. Scoliosis
b. Sway back
c. Flat back
d. Kyphosis

A

Kyphosis

33
Q

True about sway back, except:

a. Excessive anterior pelvic shift
b. Increased hip extension
c. Increase lumbar lordosis
d. Excessive posterior pelvic shift

A

Excessive posterior pelvic shift

34
Q

Surgical stabilization is needed if the spine is deemed unstable. This means at least how many columns are unstable?

a. O
b. 2
c. 1
d. 3

A

2

35
Q

The facet joint most commonly affected by OA in the cervical spine:

a. C4-C5
b. C5-C6
c. C3-C4
d. C1-C2

A

C5-C6

36
Q

Pain in the coccyx and lower part of the sacrum:

a. Spinal stenosis
b. Coccygodynia
c. Spondylolisthesis
d. None of these

A

Coccygodynia

37
Q

When reviewing a patient’s chart, the therapist determines that the patient has a condition in which the cauda equina is in a fluid-filled sac protruding from the back. What form of spina bifida does the patient most likely have?

a. Meningomyelocele
b. Meningocele
с. Spina bifida occulta
d. None of the above

A

Meningomyelocele

38
Q

While examining an infant you note a pronounced tuft of hair on the center of the spinal column in the lumbar area. Your examination reveals no loss in motor or sensory function. This patient most likely has what form of spina bifida?

a. Meningocele
b. Spina bifida occulta
c. Meningomyelocele
d. Arnold-Chiari malformation

A

Spina bifida occulta

39
Q

The following are signs and symptoms of herniated lumbar disc, EXCEPT for:

a. Acute low back pain radiating down the leg
b. Pain elicited on extension of the trunk
c. Decreased deep tendon reflexes
d. Weakness of foot and ankle muscles

A

Pain elicited on extension of the trunk

40
Q

Scotty dog decapitated:

a. Spondylosis
b. Spondylolisthesis
c. Spondylolysis
d. Spondyloptosis
e. Spondyloschisis

A

Spondylolisthesis

41
Q

When examining a pregnant patient with back pain, aside from the thoracolumbar spine, one must make sure which of the following structures are examined?

a. Symphysis pubis
b. Sacroiliac joint
с. Соссух
d. Any of the answers

A

Any of the answers

42
Q

In what position should the patient with low back pain first perform the pelvic tilt exercise?

a. Sitting
b. Standing
c. Lying prone on a firm surface
d. Lying supine on a firm surface

A

Lying supine on a firm surface

43
Q

In which position is a person with a herniated disc in the low back usually most comfortable?

a. Standing
b. Lying prone with a pillow under the head
c. Lying supine with support under the knees
d. Sitting

A

Lying supine with support under the knees

44
Q

A patient has limited left rotation caused by right thoracic facet joint capsular tightness. The intervention that would best facilitate improved left rotation in sitting is:

a. trunk extension with left rotation
b. trunk extension with right rotation
c. trunk flexion with right rotation
d. trunk flexion with left rotation

A

trunk flexion with left rotation

45
Q

A patient presents with pain radiating down the posterior hip and thigh as a result of herniated disc in the lumbar spine. The therapist decides to apply mechanical traction.
If the patient can tolerate it, the PREFERRED patient
position is

a. Prone with no pillow
b. Supine with one knee flexed
c. Supine with both knees flexed
d. Prone with pillow under abdomen

A

Prone with no pillow

46
Q

Congenital muscular torticollis is a musculoskeletal anomaly with the following characteristics EXCEPT:

a. A surgical treatment approach is lengthening of the involved muscle
b. The restricted neck range of motion secondary to a spastic sternocleidomastoid
c. The children referred to therapist before 1 year of age have better outcomes than those referred later
d. The conservative treatment approach is a stretching program to lengthen the involved muscle

A

The restricted neck range of motion secondary to a spastic sternocleidomastoid

47
Q

Which of the following are considered characteristics of scoliosis?
I. A lateral curvature of the spine with vertebral rotation
Il. More common amongst females
Ill. More frequently seen in adolescence
IV. Usually involves the thoracic & lumbar region

a. I and III
b. II and IV
c. I, II and III
d. I, II, III and IV

A

I, II, III and IV

48
Q

Exercise that is most appropriate for AS patient?

a. Swimming
b. Golf
c. Badminton
d. Wrestling

A

Swimming

49
Q

This condition refers to type of disc herniation, wherein the nucleus pulposus herniates posteriorly to an COMPLETE defect of the annulus fibrosus?

a. Sequestration
b. Prolapsed
c. Extrusions
d. Bulging
e. Protrusion

A

Extrusions

50
Q

A patient with osteoporosis and no fractures complains of increased mid and low back pain during breathing and other functional activities. The most appropriate interventions for this patient include patient education and:

a. trunk rotation and abdominal stabilization exercises
b. trunk extension and abdominal stabilization exercises
c. trunk flexion and extension exercises
d. trunk flexion and rotation exercises

A

trunk extension and abdominal stabilization exercises

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