So and NOT

Question 1

Use SO instead of repeating an adjective, adverb or a whole clause.

Answer 1

The workers were angry and they have all the rights to do so.

Question 2

We use SO instead of a clause with verbs meaning thinking and speaking:
Imagine, say, tell, be afraid, appear/seem, assume, believe, expect, guess, hope, presume, suppose, suspect, think.

Answer 2

I’d imagine so.
I found it ridiculous, and I said so/told them so.

Question 3

We don’t use SO after some verbs:
Doubt, accept, admit, agree, be certain, hear, know, promise, suggest, be sure.
Informal: I know so.

Answer 3

Will Stephan know how to mend it?
I doubt it.

Question 4

In negative sentences, we use NOT or NOT…SO.
Can use both with: appear, seem, suppose.

We prefer NOT…SO with: Believe, expect, imagine, think.

We use NOT with: Be afraid, assume, guess, hope, presume, suspect.

Answer 4

Is the socialist party offering anything new? It would appear not.
They want to buy the house, although they didn’t say so directly.
Will we need to show our passports? I don’t think so.
Eva won’t help. I guess not.
The teacher said not.
The teacher didn’t say so.

Question 5

We can use SO in short answers to mean Yes.

Answer 5

Lisa and Sara are here. So they are.
Your bike has been moved. So it has.

Question 6

We can use SO meaning I KNEW before you told me.
With verbs: appear, believe, gather, hear, say, seem, tell, understand.

Answer 6

I found the lecture really boring. So I gather.