Participle clauses with adverbial meaning

Question 1

We can use Present Participle (ING) or Past Participle (ED) with adverbial meaning. They give information on time, causes and results.

Answer 1

Opening her eyes, the baby started to cry. (When the baby opened her eyes….)
Having finished the book, I had a holiday.
Faced with a bill of $10.000, Ivan has taken an extra job.

Question 2

The subject of a Participle Clause is the same of the main clause.
In speech and writing, we avoid different subjects to the Participle clause and main clause.

Answer 2

Arriving at the party, we saw Lucy standing alone. (When we arrived at the party, we saw….).

When I turned round quickly, the door hit me in the face.

Question 3

When we use NOT in a Participle clause, it can be after or before the participle, but it will change the meaning.

Answer 3

Not understanding the rules, I found the cricket match boring.
Hoping not to be recognized, I chose a seat in the dark corner.

Question 4

We use HAVING+Past Participle when the main clause is a consequence of the Participle clause.

Answer 4

Having broken her leg last time she went, Giorgia decided not to go on the school skiing trip this year.