Participle clauses with adverbial meaning 2

Question 1

Before Participle Clauses we can use prepositions:
After, before, besides, by, in, on, since, through, while, with, without.

Answer 1

While understanding her problem, I don’t know how I can help.
After spending so much money on the car, I can’t afford a holiday.
Before being changed last year, the speed limit was 70 kph. (passive form).

Since moving to London, we haven’t had time to go to the theater. (formal)
Since we moved to London, we haven’t had time to go to the theater. (less formal).

Question 2

BY is used to indicate the method,
ON indicates when,
IN indicates cause.

Answer 2

By working hard, she passes on the exam.
Josh was the first person I saw on leaving hospital. (when I leave hospital).
In criticizing the painting, I knew I would offend her.

Question 3

WITH+ING=reason.
WITH/WHAT WITH+noun=reason

WITHOUT+ING=second action doesn’t happen.
WITHOUT+ING=although, unless.

Answer 3

With Louse leaving in Spain, we don’t see her often.
With my bad back, I won’t be able to lift a heavy bag.
What with the traffic and the heavy rain, it’s no wonder we were late.
I went to work without eating breakfast.
Without meaning to, I have offended her.
Without using the app, I can’t judge how good it is.