researchMETHODS AND CONDUCTING RESEARCH Flashcards

Question

what is ecological validity?

Answer 1

Can it be generalised to other settings or to everyday life

Answer 2

Is It valid for all time frames/ages

Answer 3

How well the research correlates with a previously meased validated measure

Answer 4

how consistent are the findings or results of the research

Answer 5

factors that are affecting the research outside of the independent variable but doesn’t completely affect the findings.

Answer 6

an unmeasured factor that effects the findings since it influences the relationship between IV and DV

Answer 7

unwanted influence of the investigator for a specific research outcome

Answer 8

cues that help P.P interpret the aims of an experiment

Answer 9

every P.P is subject to the same conditions and there is a fixed methodology in the study

Answer 10

randomizing aspects of an experiment to reduce the effect of extraneous/cofounding variables

Answer 11

matched pairs, repeated measures and independent groups

Answer 12

- P.P complete different conditions - randomlly allcoated to each condition to avoid researcher bias - unrelated design

Answer 13

each P.P would complete both conditions. P.P may become bored or work out the aims or become better. But needs less P.P and they’re the same.

Answer 14

P.P are paired together by relevant variables and the one pair takes part in one group and the other pair in the other group. P.P can’t be perfectly matched. Time consuming and matched but no order effects.

Answer 15

covert is when the P.P are unaware of they’re the focus of the study which would remove participant reactivity so their behaviour is natural ^ validity but the ethics may be questioned. Overt is when the P.P have been informed that they’re being observed

Answer 16

A participant experiment is when the research becomes involved with the study to have a first-hand observation. This gives them increased insight potentially increasing validity, but they may lose objectivity and get caught up being a P.P. Non-participant is when they stay separate from the study allowing them to be objective but may lose insight.

Answer 17

This refers to weather the observation takes place in the context where the behavior would normally occur or in a more controlled setting like a lab. Natural = ^ external validity and more generalizable but lack of control makes replication difficult, may also be uncontrolled extraneous variables.

Answer 18

because they clearly display the relationship between two variables and allow us to draw conclusions about the research. such as negative/positive/zero correlation

Answer 19

they only show a relationship we cannot assume causation there could be a confounding/third variable responsible for the relationship

Answer 20

meta-analysis is the process where researchers collect and collate a wide range of previously conducted research on a specific area • collated research is reviewed together • combined data/effect size is often statistically tested to provide an overall conclusion.

Answer 21

write everything down they see detailed

Answer 22

for a small group it is Good but if there's many participants there too much going on to note everything and they may miss important details

Answer 23

use a predestined list of behaviours that you will observe

Answer 24

+ easier to record and analyse date - if poorly defined behaviour categories it will fail

Answer 25

+ depth and detail - may not record important behaviour since there is no guidance - more time analysing date - could not see important data - unintentional researcher bias bc you record behaviour that catches ur eye

Answer 26

what you break the target behaviour into when youre doing an observation. These should be operationalised

Answer 27

observable, measurable and self-evident

Answer 28

recording all behaviours for the full duration of observation

Answer 29

counting the number of times a behaviour/event occurs in the time

Answer 30

record the behaviour in the observation in an established time frame

Answer 31

event, time and continuous

Answer 32

good if behaviour happens infrequently and would be missed by time sampling but if behaviour isnt defined well they may miss behaviours will be hard to count if it happens often

Answer 33

stops observer being overhwelmed with observation but the time frame selected maybe unrepresentitive overall of the behaviour

Answer 34

questionaire and interview

Answer 35

predetermined list of questions my be used in an experiement

Answer 36

doesnt have a fixed range of answers and tend to produce qualatiative data

Answer 37

fixed number of responses quantatative data

Answer 38

pre-dertermined set of questions that are used in a fixed order

Answer 39

no set questions just general topic will be dicussed free flowing interviewee is encouraged to expand on answers

Answer 40

set list of questions but interview can formulate their own follow up questions to learn more

Answer 41

easy to replicate reduces differences in interviewers cannot elaborate on topic and may not get as much data

Answer 42

gain more insight more date to sort out and interpret not replicable

Answer 43

• the researcher needs to ensure that the two groups are matched for key variables • example of at least one key variable – any that might reasonably be expected to affect memory in this situation, eg eyesight, age, intelligence • all participants should be pre-tested / assessed for the key variable / variables • for each person in one condition, the researcher should assign a ‘matched’ person in the other condition.

Answer 44

clearly defining variables in terms of how they can be measured, TURNING ABSTRACT CONCPETS INTO A AN OBSERVABLE MEASURE

Answer 45

PP who [ condition A ] will