biopsychology- systems

Question 1

what are the two nervous systems

Answer 1

central nervous system (cns)
peripheral nervous system (pns)

Question 2

what are the two main sub divisions of the pns ?

Answer 2

somatic and autonomic

Question 3

what movement is somatic associated with ?

Answer 3

voluntary movement across sensory and motor neurones

Question 4

what movements is the autonomic nervous system ?

Answer 4

involuntary movement

Question 5

what are the sub divisions of autonomic system ?

Answer 5

sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 6

what is the sympathetic role ?

Answer 6

prepares body for stress - heart + breathing rate increase , dilated pupils, stomach stops digesting, lung capacity increases, muscles contract

Question 7

what is the parasympathetic role ?

Answer 7

returning body to routine - decrease heart rate , dilate pupils

Question 8

what makes up the CNS?

Answer 8

spinal cord and brain

Question 9

difference between nervous system and endocrine system?

Answer 9

nervous is faster
nervous = electrical impulses but endocrine = hormones
nervous = collection of neuron cells
glands and organs operate the endocrine system

Question 10

what is the charge of a resting neuron ?

Answer 10

negative inside the cell

Question 11

when does neuron cell become positive inside the cell?

Answer 11

when it has been activated by a stimulus

Question 12

what is a sensory neuron?

Answer 12

short axon long dendrites info towards
the brain

Question 13

what is a motor neuron?

Answer 13

short dendrites long axon info away from brain

Question 14

what is a relay neuron?

Answer 14

between sensory and motor neurons allowing them to communicate

Question 15

what percentage of neurons are in the brain ?

Answer 15

80%

Question 16

what are dendrites ?

Answer 16

branch like structures that receive nerve impulses from neighboring neurons

Question 17

what is the soma?

Answer 17

cell body

Question 18

what does the cell body include ?

Answer 18

nucleus which contains genetic material

Question 19

what does the axon do ?

Answer 19

carries impulses known as action potential away from cell body down neuron to axon terminal

Question 20

what is myelin sheath ?

Answer 20

protects axon and speeds electrical impulse

Question 21

what would happen if myelin sheath was continuous ?

Answer 21

electrical impulse would be slower therefor it is segmented so impulse has to jump

Question 22

what are the gaps in myelin sheath called

Answer 22

gaps of Ranvier

Question 23

what are axon terminals?

Answer 23

responsible for communicating with next neuron

Question 24

what is the basic structure of a neuron?

Answer 24

• cell body or ‘soma’ - which contains nucleus of DNA
• branch structures named dendrites protrude from the cell body which carry nerve impulses
• axon carries impulses away from cell body to the end of the neuron
• axon is insulated by myelin sheath which protects cell and speeds up travel of impulse through the nodes of ranvier
• at the end of the axon is terminals which allow synpatic transmission

Question 25

what is a vesicle ?

Answer 25

holds neurotransmitters until it needs to be released

Question 26

why can electrical impulses only be transmitted in one direction ?

Answer 26

because neurotransmitters are released from pre-synaptic neuron and binds to postsynaptic cell. there is no vesicles on the postsynaptic cell to release the chemical.

Question 27

what is synaptic transmission?

Answer 27

impulse arrives at presynaptic cell. neurotransmitter released from vesicle. diffuses across synapse, binds to receptor sites on postsynaptic neuron. chemical message is converted back into electrical impulse . neurotransmitters are broke down and reabsorbed into presynaptic cell.

Question 28

what is a neurotransmitter ?

Answer 28

chemical that diffuses across the synapse to the next neuron

Question 29

what is the lock and key mechanism in a neuron?

Answer 29

the postsynaptic site has specific receptor sites for different neurotransmitters

Question 30

what is excitation ?

Answer 30

when a neurotransmitter causes neighboring neurons to become more positively charged and more likely to fire

Question 31

what is inhibition ?

Answer 31

when a neurotransmitter causes neighboring neurons to become more negatively charged and less likely to fire

Question 32

structure of a relay neuron ?

Answer 32

short dendrites and varied axons

Question 33

structure of a motor neuron ?

Answer 33

short dendrites and long axon

Question 34

structure of a sensory neuron ?

Answer 34

long dendrites and short axon

Question 35

what is the function of the endocrine system ?

Answer 35

to secrete hormones from glands into the bloodstream which bind to certain receptors to regulate cells and organs. e.g adrenaline released from the adrenal gland for flight or fight. imbalance in hormones might lead to dysfunctions