Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

psychology > research methods - MATHS > Flashcards

research methods - MATHS Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

evaluate quantitative data

A

+objective
+quicker to analyse
- lacks depth - no matter how complex score system is they cannot acyurratley reflect complex human behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

evaluate qualitative data

A

+detailed
-subjcetivee interpretation
- longer to analyse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what is primary data?

A

collected by researcher

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

evaluate primary data

A

+research will fit the aim
-time consuming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is secondary data?

A

data found by someone else - meta analysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

evaluate secondary data

A

+cost effective because dont have to conudct research
+time effective
- may not fully match aims
-cabt b certain on quality of data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the measures of central tendency

A

mean
mode
median

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

evalauate the mean

A

+accounts all data
-effected by extreme values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

evaluate mode and meadian

A

not effected by extremes
doesnt consider all data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the measures of dispersion

A

range
standard deviation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

evaluate range

A

+simple
-extreme values

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

evaluate SD

A

+not effected by extreme values
-complicated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is sd

A

shows how far from the mean the majority of the data is. Shows the extent of variance and individual differeces

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what does a small sd mean?

A

the data is consistent and has little variance/individual differences

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

template for interpreting mean in exam question

A

the mean score on average sugests….. the mean for … was which is higher/lower than the mean score for….. This means that on average …….

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

template for interpreting sd in exam question

A

the sd suggests the spread of data was more consistent for ….
this is because the sd for … was … which is lower than the sd for … which was … This means that ….. has more/less variance and individual differences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

describe a positivley skewed curve on a normal distrubtion

A

the hump is closer to origin
mode is low - always at the tip of the hum
median is centre
mean is high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

describe a negativley skewed normal distrubution curve

A

hump is on the right
mode is high - aT THE TOP OF THE HUMP
mean = centra
median = middle of them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

describe bell shaped normal distrubution curve

A

symetrical
mode,meadian and mean are all in the cetnre (roiughly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

describe bell shaped normal distrubution curve

A

symetrical
mode,meadian and mean are all in the cetnre (roiughly)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what are the 8 stats test?

A

chi square
sign test
mann whitney
wilcoxon
spearmen rho
person
realted t test
unrelated t test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what stats test are used in differences?

A

realted t test
unrelated t test
chi square
sign test
mann whitney
wilcoxon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

what stats test are used for a correlation?

A

spearmen rho
person
chi square

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what tests are used in nominal data?

A

chi aqaure test
sign test

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what tests are used in ordinal data?

A

mann whitney
spearmen rho
wilcoxon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

what tests are used in interval data?

A

unrealted t
related t
pearson

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

when do u do a chi square test?

A

nominal unrealted data for difference and correlation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

when do u use sign test?

A

related nominal data

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

when do u do mann whitney?

A

unrelated ordinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

when do u do wilcoxon?

A

related ordinal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

when do u do unrealted t

A

unrelated interval

32
Q

when do u do related t

A

related interval

33
Q

when do u do speamen rho

A

ordinal correlation

34
Q

when do u do pearson

A

interval correlation

35
Q

what measure of design is related?

A

repeated measures and matched pairs

36
Q

what measure of design is unrelated?

A

independent groups

37
Q

what is nominal data?

A

pp put into categories
not everyone gets a score
most basic

38
Q

what is ordinal data?

A

data can be ranked
each pp gets a score
subjective scale
distance between each value is not objective

39
Q

what is interval/ratio data?

A

each pp gets a score
uses a specific established scale

40
Q

what things determine what stats test should be used?

A

Whether the data is looking for a difference or correlation
Whether the experimental design is related or unrelated
Whether the data is nominal, ordinal or interval

41
Q

how to conduct a sign test?

A

1) work out how many +/-/0 there are by taking away condition b from a ( A - B)
2) cancel out the 0s
3)calculate how many of each sign
4)s value is the sum of the lowest sign

42
Q

what is the s value?

A

in a sign test its the value of the lowest sign

43
Q

what is the significance level?

A

probability that the data isnt a fluke

44
Q

what is the standard sig level?

A

p < 0.05 (5%)

45
Q

what does 5% sig mean?

A

theres less than 5% chance that the results were found by chance making it more relaibla e and valid

46
Q

statement of sig formula……

A
  • the calculated symbol of … was …….the critical value( p< ….. n=….. 1/2 tailed test) is ….
  • because calculated value was greater/lower than the critical value, it was decided that the results are/arent sig
  • therefore we accept/reject the null
  • this means that
47
Q

what is a type one error?

A

a false positive
reject null when it is true
you didnt find anything but possibly say you did becasue sig was high

48
Q

what is a type 2 error?

A

a false negative
say found nothing when have
falsley accept null
possibly because p level is too low

49
Q

what do psychologists use p<0.05?

A

to avoid type one and two errors. since it is a happy medium

50
Q

what ways can you analyse qualitative data?

A

thematic and content analysis

51
Q

outline content analysis

A

indirect observation - turning qualitative data into quantitative

52
Q

procedure of content analysis

A
  1. decide research question
  2. select a sample (diary entries or somet)
  3. Coding - decide behavioural categories (words that appear)
  4. work through the sample and TALLY BCS
  5. data analysis can be performed
53
Q

outline thematic analysis

A

observtaion then picking out themes

54
Q

procedure of thematic analysis

A

1) gather data from interviews, diaries or focus groups (qualitative)
2) transcribe data and become familiar with it
3) analyse without any preconceptions
4) themes will emerg, review themes
5) themes form the codiing system
6) analyse and back up with data from the sample
7) write up report

55
Q

evaluate thematic analysis

A

+ depth and detailed reflect complex human behaviour - more hollistic
- time consuming
- too subjective and lacks scientific rigour
- analysed outside of the context that it was written/spoken so doesnt convey true intentions of sample

56
Q

what is the research process?

A

conduct research
write up
peer review
publish report in journal

57
Q

what are the features of a report

A

abstract
intro
hypothesis and aims
method
data + results
discussion
reference
appendix

58
Q

process of peer review

A

1) numerous anonymous unpaid reviewers in the same field of research at hand will asses the research by criticising it
2) theyll do this independently
3) review appropriatness of methods and design
4) can accept/reject/accept with revisions
5) editor makes final decision

59
Q

purpose of peer review

A
  • to allocate research funding
  • check relevance
  • validiate research
60
Q

evaluate peer reviews

A
  • bias - rivals etc
  • publication bias -headline grabing title that makes the like it
  • bias towards the status quo - its valid but goes against internal beliefs or the norms
61
Q

what are the six features of a science?

A

objectivity
falsifiability
paradigm
replicablity
empericism
theory construction and hypothesis testing

62
Q

what does theory construction and hypothesis testing refer to?

A
  • ## theory must be tested
63
Q

what is the purpose of a stats test?

A

to evaluate the correctness of an empirical hypothesis by determining the likelihood of the sample results occurring by chance.

64
Q

how do you conduct a sign test?

A

DO CONDITION A - B
add up all +
add up all -
discard 0
the s value is the lowest of the sum of negative/positive sign

65
Q

what is an abstract in a report?

A

a short summary that includes main elements of the research - aims, hypothesis, method, results and conclusion

66
Q

what is the appendix in a report?

A

where all used rescources go

67
Q

what is the introduction of a report?

A

review of the general purpose of the investigation detailing relevant theories/concepts/studies that are related to the current study

68
Q

what should the method section include?

A
  • should be detailed so researchers may replicate if they want to
    1. design
    2. sample
    3. material
    4. procedure - including debrief and standardised instructions
    5. ethics considered
69
Q

what should the results section include?

A
  • summarise key findings
  • descriptive stats -tables and graphs etc
  • inferential stats - significance, stats test, calculated and critical values
  • if it was qualitative talk about themes
70
Q

what does the dicussion include?

A
  • summarise findings verbally
  • discuss in context of other research mentioned in the intro
  • should be mindful of limitations of their research
  • the wider applications of this research - what contributions has it had for society
71
Q

what is the referencing section?

A

full details of any sources or materials used
may include journals or books

72
Q

explain paradigm in science

A
  • khun argued that what makes something a scientific discipline is a shared set of assumptions and methods - a paradigm
  • for some psychology has too many conflicting ideas and approaches, so does not have a paradigm and cannot be considered a science
  • paradigms shifts mark progress within a science e.g. copernican revolution, planets go around the sun
  • could be argued psychology had a paradigm shift - neuroscience
73
Q

explain the falsifiability aspect of a science?

A
  • karl popper
  • a response to verificationism
  • an established science must be able to be proved false. It must have claims that can be tested and proven either true or false through empiricism.
    -theories that survive attempts of falsification become the strongest
  • this is why alt hyp always is accompanied by a null hyp
74
Q

explain replicability

A
  • for a scientific theory to be accepted it must be replicable across a number of different contexts
  • replication also determines validity
  • and reliability
  • and the extent to which findings can be generalised
75
Q

explain objectivity and empiricism

A
  • objective - no personal opinion or subjectivity
  • must use experiences and observation
  • john locke
  • theory cannot claim to be scientific unless it has been empiriclally tested and verified
76
Q

what are differential stats

A

measures of contral tendency and measures of dispersion

77
Q

what are inferential stats

A

statistical tests

psychology (74 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions