attachment - influence of early attachment

Question 1

what smiths research into bullying and attachment type?

Answer 1

questionnaire
196 children aged 7-11 from London
secure children = very unlikely to be involved in bullying
insecure avoidant - more likely to be victims and insecure resistant children were most likely to be bullies

Question 2

describe McCarthy research

Answer 2

40 women who had been assessed when they were younger for attachment type. Those who were secure had the best friendships and romantic relationships. insecure-resistant = couldn’t maintain friendships
insecure avoidant - struggle with intimacy

Question 3

describe hazan and shavers procedure

Answer 3

analysed 620 replies to a love quiz in an American newspaper. asked on current/most important relationship. second part = general love experiences such as number of partners. third = which statement best described their feelings.

Question 4

what and when did hazan and shaver research?

Answer 4

1987 - love quiz - association between attachment and adult relationships

Question 5

hazan and shaver findings

Answer 5

56% of respondents = securely attached = good long relationships - balance between independence and closeness
insecure avoidant = 25% =jealousy and fear of intimacy
resistant = clingy and not independent

Question 6

research (years and names) into influence of early attachment on relationships

Answer 6

hazan and shaver 1987 - romantic
smith 1998 - later childhood
McCarthy 1999 - romantic
bailey - 2007 - adult as a parent

Question 7

Evaluate research into influence of early attachment on relationships

Answer 7

• refuting research for internal working model - Zimmerman - assessed infant and adolescent attachment type to find theres little relationship between quality of infancy and adolescent attachment - suggesting internal working model isn’t valid
• research uses self-assessment techniques such as questionnaire like the love quiz this leads to social desirability bias ppl may lie about their relationships or have inaccurate perception of reality therefore the findings are inaccurate
• retrospective nature of assessment, includes people looking back and recalling their childhood. This is difficult and relies on accurate recollections decreasing validity
• exagerated - clarke said people are not doomed and can change the future it just means they have greater risk factors
• practical applications
• socially sensitive

Question 8

what are the main ideas of influence of early attachment on later relationships and their research.

Answer 8

internal working model - Bowlby
relationships in later childhood - smith - bullying
relationships with romantic partners -McCarthy , Hazen and Shaver - love quiz
relationships as a parent - bailey

Question 9

what was baileys research?

Answer 9

2007 - 99 mothers - assessed relationship with their mother using an interview and then their relationship with their child using the strange situation. Found that the woman had the same attachment to their mother as they did to their child. support for internal working model

Question 10

explain the internal working model?

Answer 10

• bowlby
• first relationship with cargiver forms a template for our future relationships
• the quality of this relationship is so crucial because for Bowlby it massivley effects our future relationships

Question 11

how will a child with a loving first relationship act in the future

Answer 11

• they will think relationships should be loving
• they will seek out functional relationships and be functioning within them

Question 12

how will a child with a bad first relationship act in the future

Answer 12

• they will bring these bad experiences to other relationships
• may even struggle to form relationships in the first place
• may not be appropriiate in them

Question 13

what is smiths research focus?

Answer 13

• relationships in later childhood

Question 14

which attachment is most likeley to be a bully and a vitcim?

Answer 14

bully - insecure res
vic - insecure avoidant

Question 15

what was bailyes focus?

Answer 15

relationships in adulthood as a parent

Question 16

what is the love quiz focus?

Answer 16

romantic relationships in adulthood

Question 17

what three relationships have researchers looked into?

Answer 17

• relationships in later childhood
• relationships in adulthood as a parent
• romantic relationships as an adult

Question 18

findings of hazen and shaver qualitative

Answer 18

correlation between early attachments and later relationships suggesting there is an internal working model/ continuity hypthesis