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psychopathology - Depression Flashcards

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1
Q

behavioural characteristics of depression

A

Aggression
Self-harm
Activity levels
Sleep and eating

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2
Q

cognitive characteristics of depression

A

Poor concentration
Dwelling on negative
Absolute thinking

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3
Q

emotional characteristics of depression

A

lowered mood and self esteem
anger

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4
Q

what does beck think causes depression?

A

negative thoughts

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5
Q

what does Ellis think causes depression?

A

irrational thinking

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6
Q

what is the basis of cognitive approaches?

A

They asses human cognition e.g., thinking.

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7
Q

what is the negative triad?

A

Negative view of the world - the world is a hard place
Negative view of the furture
Negative view of the self resulting in low self esteem

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8
Q

what are negative self-schemas?

A

We interpet the informaton invloving our selves negatively.

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9
Q

what does beck mean by faulty processing?

A

when depressed we attaned to the negative aspects of a situation and ingore the positives. We have a black and white mind set.

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10
Q

what is Elli’s theory?

A

ABC model - 1962

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11
Q

explain the ABC model

A

Activating event- the event that triggers the irrational thought. Such as, failing a test.
Beliefs- irrational beliefs. Musturbation = belief we must succeed. Uptopianism = belief life should be fair.
Conceuqences- when an event triggers irational beliefs there are behavioural and emotional concequences.

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12
Q

what is CBT generally?

A

Most common treatment for depression and other mental health problems. Begins with an assessment to clarify patients’ problems. Then identify goals to achieve. CBT involves changing negative thoughts.

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13
Q

what is Becks CBT?

A

Central component is challenging an individual’s thoughts about the world. This involves testing the reality of them. So, they may be set homework such as record when people are nice. This is sometimes referred to ‘patient as scientist’.

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14
Q

What is Ellis’s CBT named?

A

Ellis’s rational emotive behaviour therapy (REBT) extended the ABC model to ABCDE

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15
Q

What is the ABCDE model?

A

Extends ABC model to ABCDE. D = dispute and E = effect. Central technique is to identify and dispute irrational thoughts. The intended effect is to change irrational thought and break the link between negative life events and depression. This requires an argument. Empirical and logical.

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16
Q

what are general 3 steps for CBT?

A

assess
identify
set goals

17
Q

evaluate becks cognitive explanation

A

+ Practical applications for example CBT, makes it more useful
+ Research support – Graziani terry assessed 65 pregnant women and found that women with cognitive vulnerability were more likely to suffer post-natal depression.
- cause and effect
- Refuting research - Seligman - electrocuted dogs until they didn’t respond suggests that they learned pression , not faulty thinking

18
Q

evaluate Elis’s cognitive explanation

A

+ practical applications for example CBT, makes it more useful
- not all depression is caused by an activating event so her explanation only applies to some.

19
Q

Evaluate CBT

A

+ it is effective – march compared the effects of CBT to antidepressants and them together. After 36 weeks, 81% of CBT and antidepressants were improved and 86% together
- May not work for severe cases which need medication – CBT can not be main treatment for everyone
- success may be due to the quality of patient-therapist relationship not CBT
- overemphasis on cognition over environment and may demotivate people to change their situation
- some people want to discuss the past

20
Q

what is musturbation?

A

belief that we should succeed

21
Q

what is utopianism?

A

belief that life should be fair

22
Q

what does the A mean in ABC model

A

activating event

23
Q

what does the B mean in ABC model

A

BELIEF

24
Q

what does the C mean in ABC model

A

CONCEQUENCE

25
Q

who conducted research support for CBT? WHAT DID THEY DO?

A

March, effects of CBT in 327 adolscents and found 81% had improved

26
Q

march research?

A

march compared the effects of CBT to antidepressants and them together. After 36 weeks, 81% of CBT and antidepressants were improved and 86% together

27
Q

what did Grazilio and terry do and find?

A

hat Grazioli terry assessed 65 pregnant women and found that women with cognitive vulnerability were more likely to suffer post-natal depression.

28
Q

what did seligman do

A

electrocuted dogs until they didn’t respond suggests that they learned pression , not faulty thinking

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