Eating behavior - Biological explanations of eating Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the biological explanations for eating behavior?

A

neural and hormonal

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2
Q

what is leptin?

A

hormone produce by adipose/fat cells

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3
Q

what are fat cells named?

A

adipose cells

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4
Q

does leptin stimulate hunger or satiety?

A

satiety

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5
Q

explain the cycle of leptin in hunger cycle

A

1) leptin = hormone produced by adipose
2) levels of leptin in the blood increases with fat cells
3) this increase is detected by the VMH
4) if levels increase to a certain point the individual feels full and stops eating

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6
Q

what is Ghrelin?

A

hormone secreted by the stomach

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7
Q

explain the role of Ghrelin in the hunger cycle

A

1) Ghrelin is secreted by the stomach
2) marks how long since we have eaten
3) amount produced is proportional to how empty the stomach is
4) ghrelin levels are detected by the part of the hypothalamus called arcuate nucleus
5) when ghrelin reaches a certain point the arcuate nucleus send signals to LH
6) the LH secretes neuropeptide
7) this stimulates hunger

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8
Q

what transmitter stimulates hunger?

A

neuropeptide

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9
Q

what part of the brain detects rise in ghrelin levels?

A

a part of the hypothalamus called arcuate nucleus

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10
Q

evaluate hormonal explanation of eating cycle

A

+ research support - wren
+ research support - licinio
+ PA - give leptin to people who are leptin deficient
- reductionist
-deterministic

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11
Q

what was wrens research?

A

injected ghrelin intravenously (in the veins) and found that there was a short term increases in food eaten

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12
Q

what was licinios research

A

people with a disorder that meant they had less leptin (makes u eat)
gave them leptin
weight loss of 40%
food intake decreases by 49%

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13
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

keeping of constant internal environment at a stable level
such as blood glucose and temperature

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14
Q

hypothalamus role in homeostasis

A

monitors and controls the internal environment specifically, the glucose-sensing neurons within the hypothalamus detects fluctuations in blood glucose levels
it influences the secretion of insulin and anti-insulin hormones which effect blood-glucose levels

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15
Q

what brain structures provide homeostasis?

A

lateral hypothalamus
ventromedial hypothalamus

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16
Q

role of VMH in homeostasis of hunger

A

detects a rise in blood glucose levels and inhibits feeling of satiety to stop a person eating

17
Q

role of LH in homeostasis of hunger

A

detects a drop in blood glucose levels and triggers feeling of hunger so people eat

18
Q

explain the neural homeostasis cycle to trigger eating

A

optimum blood glucose levels
drop in BG
LH detects change
feel hungry
glucose levels rise

19
Q

role of VMH in homeostasis of satiety

A

optimum levels of blood glucose
rise in BG
VMH detects rise
satiety
stop eating
fall in blood glucose

20
Q

evaluate neural explanations for eating

A

+ Hetherington and Ranson
- cross specie validity
- over simplified ignore social factors

21
Q

WHAT IS THE DUAL CENTRE MODEL OF EATING?

A

suggests that two structures of the hypothalamus provide homeostatic control

21
Q

WHAT IS THE DUAL CENTRE MODEL OF EATING?

A

suggests that two structures of the hypothalamus provide homeostatic control

22
Q

what is he hypothalamus

A

a pea sized brain structure that plays significant roles in the endocrine and nervous system

23
Q

what was Hetherington and Ransons research?

A

lesioned VMH in rats and found they became hyperphagic until they were severely obese this is because VMH didn’t detect rise in blood glucose and didn’t trigger satiety