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psychology > Eating behavior - obesity > Flashcards

Eating behavior - obesity Flashcards

1
Q

Biologists explain obesity through an interaction of what?

A

genes and neurotransmitters

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2
Q

what are concordance rates between first-degree relatives for obesity?

A

20%-50% suggesting heritability

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3
Q

what was Nans research?

A

meta analysis
12 twin studies
concordance rates of 60-80% for MZ twins suggests a genetic component to obesity

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4
Q

lockes research?

A

assessed genomes of 300,000 genomes and found 97 different genes linked to obesity . Polygenic illness

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5
Q

what neurotransmitters are involved in obesity?

A

seratonin and dopamine

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6
Q

how is serotonin involved in obesity?

A

serotonin -> regulate eating by inhibiting activity in VMH
VMH is alerted that we are full and triggers satiety
obese people have less serotonin and therefore do not feel full as quickly/easily

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7
Q

what is obesity co-morbid with and why?

A

depression = low levels of serotonin
obesity = low levels of serotonin
they go hand in hand

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8
Q

how is dopamine involved in obesity?

A
  • dopamine stimulates pleasure in hypothalamus and amygdala
  • feels pleasure after behaviours of eating
  • obese people have less dopamine D2 receptors and dysfunctional dopamine system
  • this means less production of dopamine
  • less pleasure from small amounts of food
  • eat more for more pleasure
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9
Q

Evaluate biological explanation for obesity

A

+ohia
- cross specie validity
+ wang
- AE - psychological
- reductionist
- deterministic

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10
Q

what was ohias research?

A
  • mice = no c2 receptors for serotonin
  • mice overate and developed onset obesity
    suggests low levels of serotinin is inolved with obesity
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11
Q

what was wangs research?

A

found obese people have fewer dopamine receptors in certain areas of the brain

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12
Q

what are the psychological explanations for obesity

A
  • restraint theory
  • disinhibition theory
  • boundary model
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13
Q

explain restraint theory

A
  • cognitive
  • obesity = restrained eating
  • setting strict limits and imposing cognitive control over physiology
  • this is counter productive
  • end up over eating
  • trying to ignore food makes u focus on food and over eating becoming obese
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14
Q

explain disinhibition theory

A

includes everything in restraint BUT adds that cues around use (media, friends) act as a trigger and cause us to eat
restrained eating is followed by period of disinhibition - eating whatever you want

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15
Q

explain all or nothing thinking in the disinhibition theory

A

you have one bit of food due to the trigger but then eat loads because youve already had some

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16
Q

Evaluate disinhibition

A

+ boyce
- savage
- individual differences
-alternative exp

17
Q

what did boyce do?

A

found exposure to thinness caused increases in eating in restrained eaters since acted as a cue/trigger

18
Q

what did wardle do?

A

assessed food intake of obese women on a diet and control
found those on restrained diet ate more

19
Q

who developed boundary model

A

herman and polivy

20
Q

from BM explain ‘normal’ eating behaviour

A
  • Food intake exists on a continuim
  • goes from hungary to full
  • at each end of the continuim biology is the main adherent in what we eat
  • when we feel a lack of enegry we eat to the satiety boundary
  • once weve eaten to a certain point we feel uncomfy and stop eating
  • inbetween the continuim is the biological indifference zone
21
Q

what is the biological indifference zone

A

biological mechanisms do not make us full or hungry
social and cognitive factors have the most impact on what we eat

22
Q

for BM explain dieters eating behaviour

A
  • lower hungary boundary and less responsive to feelings of hunger
  • higher satiety to boundary and need more food to feel full
  • larger zone of biological indifference making them more vulnerable to the effects of disinhibition
  • self imposed upper boundary that marks the most they want to eat, this is below satiety boundary
  • if they break this boundary they will eat up to and past the satiety boundary
  • this is the what the hell phenomena
23
Q

for BM, how does diet = obesity

A

when they break cog boundary this = trigger/disinhibitor
they experience what the hell phenomenon
then eat beyond noraml setiety bound
and overeat

24
Q

Evaluate the boundary model

A

+ OGDEN
+ PA - dieters should avoid restraint as it leads to disinhibition
- ID
-AT

25
Q

WHAT DID OGDEN DO?

A
  • non dieters who had the high calorie ate LESS food but dieters who had the high calorie pre-load ate MORE food suggesting their cognitive boundary had been broken
26
Q

for non-dieters where does eating start and end?

A

eating starts at hunger boundary and ends at satiety boundary

27
Q

why are dieters more vulnerable to cues/disinhibitiors?

A

because theyre trying so hard to avoid them and control physicality

28
Q

A01 for biological explanations of obesity

A

INTERACTION BETWEEN GENES AND NEUROTRANSMITTERS
- genetics
- 20-50% heritability
- Lockes research - polygenic
- Nans research
- neurotransmitters
- serotonin and dopamine
- comorbid with depression

29
Q

what is obesity?

A

a complex mental health disorder that occurs when an individual’s weight is higher than what is considered healthy for a persons height.

30
Q

who conducted a meta analysis on 12 twin studies and found that MZ had concordance rates of 60-80%

A

NAN

31
Q

who researched 300,000 peoples genes and found that there are 97

A

locke

32
Q

who found that non dieters who had the high calorie ate LESS food but dieters who had the high calorie pre-load ate MORE food suggesting their cognitive boundary had been broken?

A

ogden

33
Q

who found that - mice = no c2 receptors for serotonin
- mice overate and developed onset obesity
suggests low levels of serotinin is inolved with obesity

A

ohia

34
Q

who found that when assesing food intake if restrictive dieters they ate more then non dieters

A

wardle

35
Q

who found that obese people have less d2 receptors in certain areas of the brain

A

wang

36
Q

who found that when EXPOSED to THIN PEOPLE dieters ate more

A

boyce

psychology (74 decks)

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