Public Health - Chronic Disease Flashcards

1
Q

Public health surveillance

A

The ongoing, systematic collection, analysis and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementation, and evaluation of public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those responsible for prevention and control

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2
Q

What does surveillance allow us to do

A

Describe the burden of or potential for disease
Detect sudden changes in disease occurrence and distribution
Monitor changes in disease prevalence over time
Monitor changes in health behaviours
Identify priorities
Inform programmes and polices
Evaluate prevention and control efforts
Develop hypotheses and stimulate research

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3
Q

Steps involved in surveillance

A
Detect 
Code 
Analyse 
Disseminate 
Action
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4
Q

Incidence

A

The rate of occurrence of new cases

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5
Q

Prevalence

A

The proportion of cases in the population at a given time

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6
Q

Incidence vs prevalence

A

Incidence conveys info about the risk of contracting the disease, whereas prevalence indicates how widespread the disease is

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7
Q

Mortality rate

A

A measure of frequency of occurrence of death in a defined population during a specific interval

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8
Q

Case fatality

A

A measure of deaths assigned to a spp cause during a given time interval, relative to the total number of cases

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9
Q

Endemic

A

The habitual; presence (or usual occurrence) of a disease within given geographical area

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10
Q

Outbreak

A

A sudden increase in occurrences of a diseases

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11
Q

Epidemic

A

A serious outbreak in a single community, population or region

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12
Q

Pandemic

A

An epidemic which is spreading around the world, affecting hundreds of thousands of people, across many countries

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13
Q

International Standard of Diseases (ICD)

A

Standardised set of codes to record diagnosis of a condition

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14
Q

Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD)

A

Largest study in the world that summarises global surveillance data (identifies world biggest health problems, how these are being tackled and how is economical best to support these interventions)

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15
Q

Disseminate

A

Spread the information to the appropriate people

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16
Q

Epidemic curves

A

A graphical representation of the number of cases over time

17
Q

Types of epidemic curves

A

Point Source Outbreak
Continuous Source Outbreak
Propagated Source Outbreak

Plots no. cases against time

18
Q

Point Source Outbreak epidemic curve

A

Has only one single peak e.g. after exposure to contaminated food

19
Q

Continuous Source Outbreak epidemic curve

A

Curve has a plateau

Source of outbreak is usually quite common e.g. contaminated water source

20
Q

Propagated Source Outbreak epidemic curve

A

Curve has multiple peak e.g. COVID-19

21
Q

Fatality rates

A

Measure of severity of disease

% of people who die after being diagnosed w/ a certain disease within a certain period of time