Paediatric MSK conditions Flashcards

1
Q

Common paeds fractures

A

Growth plate

Supracondylar humeral - must go straight to theatre

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2
Q

Special types of fractures in paeds

A

Buckle

Greenstick

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3
Q

Greenstick fractures

A

Only half a cortex is broken

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4
Q

What determines whether surgery is required for a fracture

A

Stability

Alignment

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5
Q

Neuromuscular assessment

A
Pain 
Pulse 
Pallor 
Paraesthesia 
Paralysis
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6
Q

Fracture effects on bone growth

A

Sometimes grow longer (extensive bone length)

Can also grow shorter

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7
Q

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI)

A

Britle bond disorder - congenital
Defeciency of type 1 collagen
Multiple types, ranging in severity
Treat w/ bisphosphonates and lifestyle modifications

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8
Q

Infection red flags

A
ESR 
CRP 
Temp > 38
Inability to weight bear 
Kocher criteria for septic arthritis and osteomyelitis
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9
Q

Osteomyelitis in children

A

More common > 10 yrs
Haemotogenous spread
Affects boys > girls

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10
Q

Presentation of osteomyelitis in children

A

Gradual onset of pain
Unable to weight bear
Fever

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11
Q

Predisposing factors for osteomyelitis in children

A

Diabetes
Immune compromise
Preceding trauma

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12
Q

Causes of osteomyelitis

A
Staph A (MRSA, PVLSA)
Group B strep
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13
Q

Management of osteomyelitis

A

Abx

Rarely surgery

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14
Q

Septic arthritis in children

A

More common < 2 yrs
70% affect hip or knee
Main ddx is Transient synovitis

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15
Q

Presentation of septic arthritis in children

A

Acute onset
Systemic symptoms
Fever
Unwillingness to move joint

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16
Q

Predisposing factors for septic arthritis in children

A

NICU pt

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17
Q

Causes of septic arthritis in children

A

Group B strep
Staph A
N. gonorrhoeae

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18
Q

Management of septic arthritis in children

A

Abx (6 weeks)
Aspiration
incision and drainage

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19
Q

Cancers in children - bone pain

A

1’ malignancy is rare, but common in children
Most commonly osteosarcoma
Haematological cancers can also present as bone pain

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20
Q

Primary investigations for cancer in children

A

CBC

Blood film

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21
Q

B symptoms for cancer in children

A
Anorexia 
Wt loss
Pain that wakes them up at night 
Fatigue 
NIght sweats
22
Q

Developmental dysplasia of the hip

A

Underdevelopment of the hip joint at birth
in late presentations, there may be a limp
Usually seen in those 0-3

23
Q

Investigating DDH

A

Xrays and ultrasound

24
Q

Risk factors for DDH

A

Family hx
Females
Breech
Talipes

25
Newborn screening for DDH
Barlow (dislocation) | Ortolani (relocation)
26
Treatment of DDH
Pavlik harness | Few require open reduction
27
Types of leg length discrepancy
True | Apparent
28
Cause of true leg length discrepancy
Fractures and injuries
29
Cause of apparent leg length discrepancy
Scoliosis
30
Classification of length length discrepancy
More than 2cm difference
31
Causes of leg length discrepancy
DDH Muscle spasticity Growth plate injury
32
Leg length discrepancy in children
Mainly seen in 0-3 yrs Gradual onset/ longstanding symptoms If severe, consider surgical management
33
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Affects those 3-10yrs Normally affects multiple joints Gradual onset, persisting May have systemic symptoms
34
Joints affected in juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Knees > wrists > ankle > hip > spine
35
Treatment of JIA
Anti-infl and immunomodulating drugs
36
Perthes' disease
Avascular necrosis of the femoral head leading to collapse Unclear cause Affects boys > girls
37
Risk factors for Perthes' disease
Passive smoking Breech presentation Family hx
38
Conservative treatment for Perthes' disease
Physio - potential for healing Immobilise hip Avoidance of high impact activity
39
Surgical treatment for Perthes' disease
Femoral osteotomy Pelvic osteotomy Hip distraction Salvage procedure (containment)
40
Osteotomy
Removing osteophytes
41
Transient synovitis
Reactive infl of the synonym, 2' to viral infection Acute onset of joint pain/ limp following URTI Self limiting illness Seen in 2-12 yrs, usually boys (70%)
42
Management of transient synovitis
Analgesia - NSAIDs | Resolves spontaneously
43
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
Mostly seen in fat, pre-pubertal boys (carry most of their weight in their trunk) 25% are bilateral Can be acute or chronic
44
Presentation of SUFE
Groin, hip or knee pain Antalgic gait Difficulty abducting hip/ leg
45
Management of SUFE
Percutaneous pinning
46
Still's disease
Adult - onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis
47
Presentation of Still's disease
A salmon pink macular rash, arthralgia, myalgia, and a spiking high fever
48
Bloods for Still's disease
Elevated ESR, WCC and ferritin | Sero-ve
49
Treatment for Still's
NSAIDs
50
What is crepitus a clinical sign of
Joint damage
51
Clinical signs of joint infl
Stiffness Effusion Increased warmth Soft tissue swelling
52
Ix for transient synovitis
Ultrasound guided hip aspiration