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MBBS - Year 1 > Anatomy - Muscles Of Leg > Flashcards

Anatomy - Muscles Of Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior muscles of the leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallucis longus

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2
Q

Innervation of the anterior muscles of the leg

A

Deep peroneal/ fibular nerve

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3
Q

Tibialis anterior

A

Closest muscle to tibia & crosses the ankle anteriorly to attach to the medial aspect of foot
Adjacent to subcutaneous border of tibia
Involved in ankle extension (dorsiflexion) and ankle inversion - also requires Tibialis posterior

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4
Q

Extensor digitorum longus

A

Splits into 4 tendons - one to each 4 lateral digits

Involved in extension of digits and ankle joint

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5
Q

Extensor hallucis longus

A

Tendon attaches to big toe
Lies between tibialis anterior and extensor digitorum
Involved in extension of great toe

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6
Q

‘Foot drop’

A

Usually occurs if deep peroneal nerve becomes compromised

Can’t clear the floor when walking (inability to extend ankle joint)

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7
Q

Signs of ‘foot drop’

A

Scuff marks on the front of shoes

High stepping gait

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8
Q

How is the deep peroneal nerve usually compromised

A

Compression at neck of fibula

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9
Q

Function of fibularis muscles

A

Ankle eversion

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10
Q

Innervation of fibularis muscles

A

Superficial branch of common fibular/peroneal nerve

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11
Q

Fibularis longus

A

Passes laterally under LM to attach to medial aspect of the foot
Superficial to brevis
Supports transverse arch

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12
Q

Fibularis brevis

A

Passes laterally under LM to attach to lateral aspect of foot
Deep to longus

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13
Q

Posterior muscles of the leg

A 
Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior
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14
Q

What is the popliteal fossa bound by

A

Hamstring muscles - superiorly

Gastrocnemius - inferiorly

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15
Q

Contents of the popliteal fossa

A 
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Terminal branch of sciatic nerve
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerve
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16
Q

Gastrocnemius

A

Has 2 heads that attach proximally to the posterior aspect of the femoral condyles and attaches distally at the calcaneous
Crosses the knee and ankle posterioly

17
Q

Actions at the gastrocnemius

A

Crosses knee and ankle posteriorly - knee flexion and ankle flexion (plantarflexion)

18
Q

Soleus

A

Attaches to tibia + fibula and blends w/ gastrocnemius tendon to attach to calcaneus (Achilles’ tendon)

19
Q

Plantaris

A

V. thin tendon that blends w/ Achilles’ tendon

20
Q

Superficial compartment of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Gastrocnemius
Soleus
Plantaris

21
Q

Deeper compartment of the posterior compartment of the leg

A

Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Tibialis posterior

22
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Supports spring ligament and medial longitudinal arch of foot
Allows plantar flexion and ankle inversion

23
Q

Innervation of posterior muscles of the leg

A

Tibial nerve

24
Q

Sural nerve

A

Cutaneous branch of tibial nerve

25
Q

Soleal pump

A

Helps venous blood return to heart

26
Q

Superficial venous system

A

Great saphenous vein

Short saphenous vein

27
Q

Great saphenous vein

A

Drains into femoral nerve

28
Q

Short saphenous vein

A

Runs into popliteal vein and drains into popliteal fossa

29
Q

Deep venous system

A

Runs alongside the arteries
Venae commitantes
When muscles in the leg contract (calf muscle pump), blood is pushed up

30
Q

Venae commitantes

A

Run either side of posterior tibial artery

31
Q

Why is the leg encased in deep fascia

A

Compartmentalizes muscle
Provides external support
Increases force on veins when contracting, acts as a restraining envelope

32
Q

When does compartment syndrome occur

A

When pressure within compartment > pressure in capillaries

Capillaries can’t fill and supply blood to structures within the comportment ——-> ischaemia ——> avascular necrosis

33
Q

When are varicosities seen

A

When the valves fail

34
Q

Simmonds-Thompson test

A

Squeezing each calf when patient is lying face down on bed w/ legs dangling off of bed
Should cause muscles to contract ——> plantar flexion of the ankle joint

35
Q

Treatment of a ruptured Achilles’ tendon

A

Surgically repaired
Wear a ‘moon boot’ during recovery- allows affected muscles to be in a position of non-function. Avoids stretching muscle —-> rupture heals faster

36
Q

Lateral leg muscles

A

Ankle evertors
Peroneus longus
Peroneus brevis
Peroneus tertius

36
Q

Peroneus tertius

A

Small muscle branching from extensor digitorum

Attaches to lateral aspect of foot

37
Q

Flexor digitorum longus

A

Proximally, attaches to tibia

Runs behind MM and splits into 4 tendons - one for each digit

38
Q

Flexor hallucis longus

A

Proximally, attaches to fibula

Passes medially to the hallux

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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