Microbiology - Gender, Family & Culture Flashcards
Why are STIs difficult to control
Increasing density and mobility of human population
The difficulty of engineering changes in human sexual behaviour
The absence of vaccines for almost all STIs, expect for the HPV vaccine
Common STI causing organisms
Papillomaviruses (6, 11, 16 and 18) Chlamydia trachomatis Candida albicans Trichomonas vaginalis HSV-1, 2 Neisseria gonnorhrea HIV Trepenoma pallidum Hep B virus Haemophilus ducreyi Phthirus pubis
Disease cased by papillomaviruses
Genetic warts
Dysplasia
Disease caused by Phthirus pubis
Pubic lice
Treatment of pubic lice
Permethrin cream
How does the urogenital tract being a continuum affect the spread of microorganisms
Micro-organisms can spread easily from one part to another
The distinction between vaginitis and urethritis or urethritis and cystitis is not always easy or necesary
Microbrial strategies against urine flow (for urethral infection)
Infection of urethral epithelial or sub epithelial cells e.g. HSV or chlamidyia
Microbial strategy against cell-mediated immune response
Antigenic variation - allows re-infection
Why do most microbes require close contact or spread through vectors
Unstable on drying
Vaginal defences against microbes
Vaginal pH of 5.0 inhibits colonization by all except the lactobacilli and certain other streptococci and diphtheroids
How can intestinal bacteria cause cystitis
Common invaders of urinary tract and can adhere to GU tract e.g. E.coli
Whoa re STIs more common in
Uncircumcised males
Effect of female urogenital tract being shorter than male
More vulnerable to infection
Semen as source of infection
CMV shed from oropharynx, HIV and hep B found in semen
What organism causes syphilis
Trepenoma pallidum (spirochete)
How does T. palladium enter the body
Through minute abrasions or mucous membranes
Transmission of syphilis
Requires close personal contact; horizontal spread occurs through sexual contact and vertical spread via transplacental infection of the foetus
When is congenital syphilis acquired
After 3 months of pregnancy
How can congenital syphilis manifest
Serious infection resulting in intrauterine death
Congenital abnormalities, which may be obvious at birth
Silent infection, which may not be apparent until ~2 yrs (facial and tooth deformities)
Initial contact of syphilis
2-10 weeks
Primary chancre at site of infection
Primary syphilis
1-3 months
Enlarged inguinal nodes
Secondary syphilis
2-6 weeks
Flu-like illness, mucocutanoeus rash, spontaneous resolution
When do you experience latent syphilis
Last 3-30 years
Tertiary syphilis
Neurosyphilis
Cardiovascular syphilis
