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MBBS - Year 1 > Clinical skills - Viral diseases > Flashcards

Clinical skills - Viral diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Common NSAIDs

A 
Ibuprofen 
Aspirin 
Neproxin 
Diclofenac 
Indomethacin
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2
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty breathing e.g stroke

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3
Q

Dysepsis

A

Indigestion

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4
Q

What can increased stomach acid lead to

A

Gastric ulcers - can also be caused by smoking

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5
Q

How do you treat impetigo

A

Flucloxacillin 250-500mg QDS/ 7 days

Topical fusidic acid

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6
Q

What is Staphylococcus resistant to

A

Amoxicillin

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7
Q

How can Staphylococcus be treated by

A

Macrolides

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8
Q

Examples of macrolides

A

Clarithromycin

Erythromycin

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9
Q

Why is clarithromycin the preferred macrolide

A

BDS vs QDS in erythromycin

Less side effects

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10
Q

Which surfaces does psoriasis present on

A

Flaky, silvery rash on extensor surfaces

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11
Q

Which surfaces does eczema present on

A

Flexor surfaces

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12
Q

Nerves in the hand

A

Median
Ulna
Radial

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13
Q

RhA in heart

A

Endocarditis

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14
Q

RhA in lung

A

Pleuritis

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15
Q

Sero-ve spondyloarthropy

A

W/ out serum RhF

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16
Q

What can long term use of NSAID’s lead to

A

Kidney issues - drugs metabolised in kidney

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17
Q

Osgood - Schlatter

A

Infl of patellar ligament at the tibial tuberosity

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18
Q

Common viruses in primary care

A

Hand, foot, mouth disease in children
Chickenpox
Shingles
Conjuctivitis

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19
Q

Incubation of chicken pox

A

2 weeks

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20
Q

PHN

A

Post hepatic neuralgia

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21
Q

How to avoid PHN

A

Treating shingles with 2 days

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22
Q

Types of conjuctivitis

A

Allergic
Viral
Bacterial

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23
Q

Co-amoxicillin

A

Type of penicillin used when amoxicillin isn’t appropriate

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24
Q

Dose of co-amoxicillin

A

250/ 125 mg very 8 hrs increased to 500/ 250 mg for severe infection
Can also be given intravenously in adults, 1.2g/ 8 hrs

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25
Q

Hep A vs B

A

A is transmitted by oral-faecal route
B is blood borne or sexually transmitted
Can also be caused by drugs and alcohol

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26
Q

When is tonsillectomy required

A

If you have tonsillitis 7 times in 2 years

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27
Q

Problems w/ abcess

A

Abx can’t get into it - no blood supply

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28
Q

Ulceration

A

Break in mucosa

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29
Q

Treating genital warts

A

Cauterized

Freezed off

30
Q

Verucca

A

Ingrowing wart on foot

31
Q

Determining likelihood of streptococcal infection

A

FeverPAIN

Centor clinical prediction

32
Q

What is GAS pharyngitis/ tonsillitis common in

A

Children and adolescents aged 5-15

More common in winter

33
Q

What is streptococcal infection suggested by

A

Fever > 38.5 degrees
Exudate on the pharynx/ tonsils
Anterior neck lymphadenopathy
Absence of cough

34
Q

What is hand, foot and mouth disease caused by

A

Coxsackievirus A16

Enterovirus 71

35
Q

Oral lesions associated w/ hand, foot and mouth disease

A

Develop anywhere inside the mouth but most frequently appear on the hard palate, tongue, cheeks and gums
Begin as erythematous macule and papules

36
Q

What do the erythematous macule and poapules progress into in h,f,m disease

A

Thin-walled vesicles that burst and form painful ulcers surrounded by red halo
Heal w/ out treatment over 5-10 days

37
Q

Macules

A

Blisters

38
Q

Papules

A

Flat, inflamed red spots

39
Q

Chickenpox

A

Varicellar-zoster virus

Charcterized by vesicular rash, often preceded by fever and malaise

40
Q

Px for chickenpox

A

Aciclovir 800mg 5x/ day for a week in those who are immunocompromised

41
Q

What should you avoid in chickenpox

A

Giving NSAIDs

Paracetomol is fine if pain and fever is causing distressing

42
Q

Rhinovirus

A

Brings on all the familiar symptoms of a cold

Can cause mild fever and lead to ear or sinus infections in some people

43
Q

Familiar symptoms of cold

A 
Runny nose 
Sneezing 
Sore throat 
Headache 
Cough 
Body aches
44
Q

Epstein Barr Virus

A 
V high temp or you feel hot and shivery 
Severe sore throat 
Swelling either side of your neck - swollen glands 
Extreme tiredness or exhaustion 
Tonsillitis that isn't getting better
45
Q

Post viral syndrome

A

Chronic fatigue syndorme or myalgic encophalomyelitis (CFS/ME)

46
Q

Symptoms of CFS/ME

A 
Sleep problems 
Muscle or joint pain 
Headaches 
Sore throat or sore glands w. no swelling 
Flu like symptoms
47
Q

Bronchitis vs bronchiolitis

A

Infl of URT vs LRT
Can affect any age vs infants < 2yrs
Same symptoms but cyanosis and vomiting is also seen in bronchiolitis
Diagnose w/ exam and X-ray but also RSV antigen test in bronchiolitis

48
Q

Common respiratory viral infections

A 
Adenovirus 
Coronavirus 
Influenza A/B
Parainfluenza 
Rhinovirus
RSV
49
Q

Risk factors for complicated influenza

A

Diabetes mellitus
Severe immunosuppression
65 yrs>
Morbid obesity (BMI 40 +)

50
Q

What has a significant impact in reducing the spread of respiratory viral illnesses

A

Hand washing

51
Q

How do serotypes 1 & 4 of HPV present

A

As common foot warts

52
Q

How do serotypes 2, 3 and 10 of HPV present

A

Warts on the fingers

53
Q

Low risk serotypes of HPV

A 
1
4
2
3
10
54
Q

What can high risk serotypes of HPV cause

A 
Malignancy e.g 
Cervical cancer 
Some head and neck cancers 
Penile cancer 
Anal cancer 
Vulval and vaginal cancer
55
Q

HPV vaccine

A

Gardasil protects against 4 serotypes: 6, 11, 16 and 18

56
Q

Which serotypes of HPV cause 90% of genital warts

A

6

11

57
Q

Human Herpes Viruses

A 
Herpes Simples type 1 and 2 
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
VZV (chickenpox and shingles)
EBV
HHV types 6, 6A, 7 and 8
58
Q

Can you ever get rid of HHV

A

No
Once you have the infection, you keep it for life, usually in a dormant form
Reactivation can occur

59
Q

What can CMV cause

A

Infection similar to EBV (but usually less pharyngitis or tonsillitis)
Congenital infections
Serious infection in immunocompromised

60
Q

Infectious mononucleosis

A

EBV causing glandular fever

Initial infection of oral epithelial cells w/ subsequent spread to B lymphocytes

61
Q

Clinical disease caused by EBV

A 
Infectious mononucleosis 
Burkitt lymphoma 
Lymphoproliferative diocese 
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma 
CNS lymphoma
62
Q

Human Herpes virus type 6

A

Can be isolated from the saliva of about 85% of adults

Causes roseola infants in children

63
Q

Common viral rashes

A

Hand, foot and mouth disease
Parvovirus B19
Molluscum contageosum

64
Q

Parvovirus B19

A

Causes a relatively mild infection in children but. ay have v serious effects if contracted in pregnancy
May cause arthritis in adults

65
Q

Molluscum contageosum

A

Caused by a pox virus
Multiple lesions can occur, mainly in children
Clear spontaneously w/ out treatment but thus can take several years

66
Q

Why might parents refuse consent for immunisations

A

Fear of side effects Misinformation spread by social media
Religious concerns
Concern that it might increase promiscuity / Concern that it might discourage safe sex practices
Lack of health literacy
Lack of confidence in Health services

67
Q

Examples of wrong ideas about immunisations

A

Polio (a Western plot to make African women infertile)

HPV (a cause of promiscuity in teenagers)

68
Q

Evidence demonstrating effectiveness of HPV vaccine

A

Scotland, Australia & Denmark have seen a significant (at least a 50-70% in studies) reduction in cervical pre-cancer since immunisation has been introduced

69
Q

Cause of impetigo

A

Bacterial skin infection caused by Staph or Strep

Spread by direct contact with discharges from scab of infected person

70
Q

Presentation of impetigo

A

‘Golden’, crusted skin lesions typically around mouth

Lesions tend to be found on face, flexures and limbs not covered by clothing

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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