Biochem - Chronic Diseas Flashcards
Overview of carbs
Most abundant organic molecule in nature Energy source Energy storage Structural component Immune function
Sugar units in a monosaccharide
1
Sugar units in a disaccharide
2
Sugar units in an oligosaccharide
3 to 10
Sugar units in a polysaccharide
11 to >100
How are monosaccharides classified
No. carbons
Functional group
Generic name for 3 carbon monosaccharides
Trioses
Generic name for 4 carbon monosaccharides
Tetroses
Generic name for 5 carbon monosaccharides
Pentoses
Generic name for 6 carbon monosaccharides
Hexoses
Generic name for 7 carbon monosaccharides
Heptoses
Generic name for 9 carbon monosaccharides
Nonoses
Aldoses
Aldehyde functional group
-ose
Ketoses
Ketone functional group
-ulose
Isomers
Compounds w/ same chemical formula but diff structures
Epimers
Carbohydrate isomers that differ in configuration around only one spp C atom are defined as epimers of each other
Enantiomers
Pairs of structures that are mirror images of each other
Cyclicization of monosaccharides
Pyranose ring
Furanose ring
Pyranose rings
5 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom
Furanose rings
4 carbon atoms and 1 oxygen atom
Common monosaccharides
Glucose
Fructose
Galactose
Info about glucose
Primary energy source
Preferred energy source of brain
Required energy source of cells w/ few or no mitochondria
Essential in exercising muscle
Sources of glucose
Diet
Degradation of glycogen
Gluconeogenesis
Taste of fructose
Sweeter than glucose
Sources of fructose
Fruits
Vegetables
Honey
Taste of galactose
Less sweet than glucose
Source of galactose
Dairy products
Common disaccharides
Sucrose
Maltose
Lactose
Sucrose
glucose + fructose, alpha (1 —>2)beta-glycosidic bond
Maltose
Glucose + glucose, alpha(1—> 4)-glycosidic bond
Lactose
Glucose + galactose, beta(1 —> 4)-glycosidic bond
Examples of polysaccharides
Cellulose
Starch
Glycogen
Cellulose
Structural polysaccharides
beta 1 –> 4 glycosidic bond between glucose and glucose
Starch
Storage polysaccharide, alpha(1—>4)-glycosidic bond between glucose and glucose
Amylose – unbranched, only alpha(1→4) linkages
Amylopectin - branched,
Glycogen
Storage polysaccharide
alpha 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bonds
