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MBBS - Year 1 > Anatomy - Muscles of the forearm > Flashcards

Anatomy - Muscles of the forearm Flashcards

1
Q

Basic movement of digits

A

Abduction and adduction

Thumb - extension, flexion, adduction, abduction, opposition

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2
Q

Superficial muscles of anterior forearm

A

Flexor carpi radialis
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Palmaris longus
Pronator Teres

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3
Q

Common flexor origin in forearm

A

Medial epicondyle

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4
Q

Flexor carpi muscles action

A

Flex wrist

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5
Q

Flexor carpi radialis

A

Passes to lateral side of wrist

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6
Q

Flexor carpi ulnaris

A

Proximally, attaches to humerus and ulna

Passes to medial side of wrist

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7
Q

Palmaris longus function

A

Flexion of wrist

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8
Q

Palmaris longus

A

Most superficial muscle

A vestigial muscle, absent in some individuals

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9
Q

Pronator Teres

A

Most lateral muscle in anterior forearm
Passes to proximal radius
Pronates forearm

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10
Q

Intermediate and deep muscles of anterior forearm

A

Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus

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11
Q

Flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Proximally has humeroulnar and radial heads
Runs through carpal tunnel and splits into 4 tendons - one for each lateral 4 digits
Flexes digits at MCP and PIP joints

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12
Q

Flexor digitorum profundus

A

Found deep to superficiais
Runs through carpal tunnel and spots into 4 tendons
Flexes digits at MCP, DIP and PIP joints

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13
Q

Flexor pollicis longus

A

Proximally, attaches to radius
Passes laterally to thumb (pollex)
Flexes thumb

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14
Q

Pronator quadratus

A

Quadrangular muscle passing between distal ends of radius and ulna

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15
Q

Superficial muscles of posterior forearm

A 
Brachioradialis 
Extensor digitorum longus 
Extensor carpi radialis longus 
Extensor carpi radialis brevis 
Extensor carpi ulnaris
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16
Q

Common extensor origin

A

Lateral epicondyle

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17
Q

Muscles used in wrist adduction

A

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Extensor carpi ulnaris

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18
Q

Muscles used in wrist abduction

A

Flexor carpi radialis

Extensor carpi radialis (longus and brevis)

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19
Q

Brachioradialis

A

Flexes elbow
Proximally, attaches to distal humerus
Passes to lateral radius

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20
Q

Extensor digitorum longus function

A

Extends medial four fingers at the MCP and IP joints

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21
Q

Extensor digitorum longus attachments

A

Proximally attaches to common flexor origin

Splits into 4 tendons - one for each digit

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22
Q

Extensor carpi radialis muscles

A

Extends and abducts wrist

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23
Q

Extensor carpi radialis longus

A

Passes from distal humerus to base of 2nd metacarpal

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24
Q

Extensor carpi radialis brevis

A

Depp to radialis longus

Attaches to base of 3rd metacarpal

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25
Q

Extensor carpi ulnaris

A

Proximally, attaches to common extensor origin

Passes to base of 5th metacarpal

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26
Q

Deep muscles of posterior forearm

A 
Supinator 
Abductor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis longus 
Extensor pollicis brevis 
Extensor indices
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27
Q

Supinator

A

Passes between proximal ends of ulna and radius

Supination of forearm

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28
Q

Abductor pollicis longus

A

Proximally, attaches to middle of ulnar and radius

Passes to base of pollex

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29
Q

Extensor pollicis longus

A

Proximally, attaches to middle 1/3rd of radius

Passes to distal phalanx of thumb

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30
Q

Extensor pollicis longus function

A

Extends at MCP and CMC joints of thumb

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31
Q

Extensor indices

A

Single tendon passing to index finger

Extends the index finger

32
Q

Innervation of deep muscles in posterior forearm

A

Radial nerve - deep for motor function and superficial for sensory

33
Q

What do the carpal bones articulate with to form the wrist joint

34
Q

Formation of carpal tunnel

A

Carpal bones to flexor retinaculum

35
Q

Intrinsic vs extrinsic muscles of hand

A

Intrinsic have no cause outside the hand

Extrinsic muscles belly lie outside of the hand

36
Q

Extrinsic muscles of hand

A

Flexor digitorum profundus and superficialis
Flexor pollicis longus
Extensor digitorum longus - attaches at dorsal surface distally
Extensor digiti minimi
Extensor indices
Extensor pollicis longus/ brevis
Abductor pollicis longus

37
Q

Muscles in index finger

A

Flexor digitorum profundus (only attaches at distal phalanx) and superficialis (attaches at both phalanx)

38
Q

Flexor retinaculum

A

Strong, fibrous band that passes between medial and lateral carpal bones
Forms the roof of carpal tunnel and stops the long flexor tendons from bowstringing

39
Q

Tendons of flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Distally, splits and attaches to either side of the middle phalanges of the lateral 4 digits

40
Q

Flexor sheath

A

Fibre-osseous tunnel prevents bow stringing of long flexor tendons, attaches from bone to bone and lined by synovium.

41
Q

Extensor expansions

A

Anchor extensor tendons to middle of finger

42
Q

Pulleys

A

Thickening found in the flexor sheath (annular and cruciate), keep tendons close to bony skeleton and joints therefore increasing power of flexion by preventing bowstringing

43
Q

Causes of nodules in fingers

A

Infl of synovial sheath

44
Q

Trigger fingers

A

Get stuck in extension and not extension as powerful flexors can overcome increased friction of enlarged nodule being pulled through A1 pulley by weaker extensors cannot pull it back

45
Q

Treatment of trigger fingers

A

Division of A1 pulley (surgery) after unsucessful steroid injection

46
Q

What happens if too many pulleys divided

A

Tendons bowstring away from phalanges as finger flexes, loosing power and being uncomfortable

47
Q

Lumbricals

A

Anterior to MCP
Posterior to PIP and DIP
Proximal attachment on FDP tendon - palmar/ flexor
Vital attachment into extensor expansion - dorsal/ extensor

48
Q

Action of lumbricals

A

Allows flexion of MCPs and extension of IP’s - needled to pick up objects

49
Q

Intrinsic hand muscles

A

Lumbricals

50
Q

Thenar muscles

A

Flexor pollicis brevis
Abductor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollici

51
Q

Hypothenar muscles

A

Flexor digiti mininimi brevis
Abductor digit minimi
Opponens digiti minimi

52
Q

What are interosseous muscles responsible for

A

Abduction and adduction of fingers

53
Q

Palmar interossei muscles

A

Little, ring and index (adduct)

54
Q

Dorsal interossei muscles

A

Middle finger (abduct)

55
Q

Anterior carpi muscles

A

Flex wrist

56
Q

Posterior carpi muscles

A

Extend wrist

57
Q

Radial carpi muscles

A

Abduct wrist

58
Q

Ulnar carpi muscles

A

Adduct wrist

59
Q

Mid prone position

A

Also known as position of functions in-between supine and prone

60
Q

Why are there more radial muscles

A

Radial muscles abduct wrist and keep hand level in mid-prone position

61
Q

Types of grip

A

Power
Precision
Pinch (key pinch)
Hook

62
Q

Power grip

A

Requires ulna side of hand for span and power

63
Q

Precision grip

A

Can be achieved w/ little and ring finger if loss of function of index and middle finger

64
Q

What can affect a pt’s grip

A

Any disease process affecting:
Bony skeleton e.g. arthritis or fracture
Muscle function w.g. tendon rupture or weakness
Nerve supply e.g. nerve decompression, demyelination

65
Q

Common starting point for all grips

A

Extension of fingers
Extension and adduction of the thumb
Extension of the wrist

66
Q

Treatment of avulsion fractures of phalanges

A

Splint in extension to avoid swan neck (flexed DIP and hyperextended PIP) and so tendon can heal and reattach

67
Q

Sensory aspect of radial nerve

A

Small area between the dorsal aspect of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals

68
Q

Typical mechanism of radial nerve injury

A

Humeral midshaft fracture

Palsy results in wrist drop

69
Q

Myotomes of radial nerve

70
Q

Sensory aspect of median nerve

A

Palmar aspect of lateral 3½ fingers

71
Q

Myotomes of median nerve

A

C6, C8, T11

72
Q

Sensory aspect of ulnar nerves

A

Medial 1½ fingers

73
Q

Typical mechanism of ulnar nerve injury

A

Medial epicondyle fracture

Damage may result in a ‘claw hand’

74
Q

Myotomes of ulnar nerve

75
Q

Muscles in forearm innervated by ulnar nerve

A

Adductor pollicis

Flexor carpi ulnaris

76
Q

Muscles in forearm innervated by medial nerve

A

LOAF muscles

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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