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MBBS - Year 1 > Anatomy - The Shoulder Joint > Flashcards

Anatomy - The Shoulder Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of the shoulder

A 
Clavicle 
Acromion process 
Scapula 
Coracoid process 
Glenoid fossa 
Humerus
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2
Q

Clavicle

A

Provides bony articulation between entire upper limb and body
Articulates with sternum anteriorly and part of the scapula distally (acromion process)
Proximal convexity and distal concavity to withstand force through upper limb

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3
Q

Actromion process

A

Part of scapula and sits over gleno-humeral joint
Found lightly lower than clavicle
Continuous with spine of scapula

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4
Q

Medial border of scapula

A

Closes to spine

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5
Q

Lateral border of scapula

A

Closer to humerus

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6
Q

Supraspinous fossa

A

Above spine of scapula

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7
Q

Infraspinous fossa

A

Below spine of scapula

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8
Q

Subscapular fossa

A

Found anteriorly and is in contact with chest wall

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9
Q

Coracoid process

A

Bony protrusion lateral to clavicle, provides muscle and ligament attachment

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10
Q

Glenoid fossa

A

Has two tubercles, inferior and superior, to provide muscle attachment
Articlulates with head of humerus

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11
Q

Anatomical neck of humerus

A

Where articular cartilage is

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12
Q

Surgical neck

A

Where humerus begins to narrow

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13
Q

Greater tubercle of humerus

A

Sits laterally and provides muscle attachment from posterior and superior aspects

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14
Q

Lesser tubercle of humerus

A

Sits anteriorly

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15
Q

Intertubercular groove

A

Found in between greater and lesser tubercles

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16
Q

Movements at glena-humeral joint

A

Flexion - brings limb anteriorly
Extension - brings limp posteriorly
Abduction and adduction
Lateral (away from midline) and medial rotation (towards midline)

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17
Q

Movement at shoulder girdle

A 
Elevation 
Depression  
Protraction  
Retraction  
Lateral and medial rotation
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18
Q

Elevation

A

Scapula moves up

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19
Q

Depression

A

Scapula moves down

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20
Q

Protraction

A

Scapula moves forward

21
Q

Retraction

A

Scapula moves back towards spine

22
Q

Rotation at scapula

A

Named after movement of inferior angle

23
Q

Supporting the shoulder joint

A

Ball and socket adapted for mobility not stability so rotator cuff muscles provide stability

24
Q

Why is the gleno-humeral joint lax inferiorly

A

Allow abduction

25
Q

Rotator cuff muscles

A

Subscuplaris
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Supraspinatus

26
Q

Where does the supscaularis sit

A

Sits in the supcapsular fossa and attatches to lesser tubercle of humerus

27
Q

Where does the supraspinatus pass

A

Passes the supraspinous fossa and attaches to superior portion of greater tubercle

28
Q

Where does infraspinatus and teres minor sit

A

Infraspinous fossa and attach to greater tubercle posteriorly,

29
Q

Function of rotator cuff muscles

A

Pull the head of the humorous towards the glenoid fossa to prevent dislocation - shunt action

30
Q

Acromio-clavicular joint

A

Between acromion process and clavicle

31
Q

Sterno-clavicular joint

A

Between sternum and clavicle

32
Q

Coraco-clavicular ligaments

A

Attach coccoid process and clavicle, trapezoid

33
Q

Coraco-acromial ligament

A

Attach corocoid process and acromion - helps prevent upward dislocation of head of humerus

34
Q

Acromio-clavicular ligament

A

Between acromion process and clavicle

35
Q

Sub-acromion bursa

A

In-between greater tubercle and acromion process to help reduce friction

36
Q

Teres minor function

A

Involved in lateral rotation of the scapula w/ infraspinatus

37
Q

Supraspinatus function

A

Abduction of shoulder joint (first 15 degrees)

38
Q

Subscapularis function

A

Medial rotation of humerus

39
Q

What happens initially when the glen-humeral joint sublaxes or dislocates

A

The humerus moves inferiorly initially as the joint is lax inferiorly and there is no rotator cuff muscle to reinforce or support the shoulder joint. These features allow for accommodation of the large head of humerus during abduction

40
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)

41
Q

Innervation of infrapsinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)

42
Q

Innervation of sybscapularis

A

Subscapular nerve (C5,6,7)

43
Q

Innervation of Teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

44
Q

Function of infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotator of humerus

45
Q

Function of Teres minor

A

Adductor of humerus

46
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Accessory nerve

47
Q

First 30 degrees of shoulder abduction

A

Initiation by suprapsinatus

48
Q

Next 60 degrees of shoulder abduction

A

Abduction by deltoid

Rotation of scapula - serrates anterior, trapezius

49
Q

Last 9- degrees of shoulder abduction

A

Scapula is stationary
Rotation at glenohumeral joint - rotator muscles
Adduction of humerus - pectoralis major

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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