Anatomy - The Shoulder Joint

Question 1

Bones of the shoulder

Answer 1

Clavicle 
Acromion process 
Scapula 
Coracoid process 
Glenoid fossa 
Humerus

Question 2

Clavicle

Answer 2

Provides bony articulation between entire upper limb and body
Articulates with sternum anteriorly and part of the scapula distally (acromion process)
Proximal convexity and distal concavity to withstand force through upper limb

Question 3

Actromion process

Answer 3

Part of scapula and sits over gleno-humeral joint
Found lightly lower than clavicle
Continuous with spine of scapula

Question 4

Medial border of scapula

Answer 4

Closes to spine

Question 5

Lateral border of scapula

Answer 5

Closer to humerus

Question 6

Supraspinous fossa

Answer 6

Above spine of scapula

Question 7

Infraspinous fossa

Answer 7

Below spine of scapula

Question 8

Subscapular fossa

Answer 8

Found anteriorly and is in contact with chest wall

Question 9

Coracoid process

Answer 9

Bony protrusion lateral to clavicle, provides muscle and ligament attachment

Question 10

Glenoid fossa

Answer 10

Has two tubercles, inferior and superior, to provide muscle attachment
Articlulates with head of humerus

Question 11

Anatomical neck of humerus

Answer 11

Where articular cartilage is

Question 12

Surgical neck

Answer 12

Where humerus begins to narrow

Question 13

Greater tubercle of humerus

Answer 13

Sits laterally and provides muscle attachment from posterior and superior aspects

Question 14

Lesser tubercle of humerus

Answer 14

Sits anteriorly

Question 15

Intertubercular groove

Answer 15

Found in between greater and lesser tubercles

Question 16

Movements at glena-humeral joint

Answer 16

Flexion - brings limb anteriorly
Extension - brings limp posteriorly
Abduction and adduction
Lateral (away from midline) and medial rotation (towards midline)

Question 17

Movement at shoulder girdle

Answer 17

Elevation 
Depression  
Protraction  
Retraction  
Lateral and medial rotation

Question 18

Elevation

Answer 18

Scapula moves up

Question 19

Depression

Answer 19

Scapula moves down

Question 20

Protraction

Answer 20

Scapula moves forward

Question 21

Retraction

Answer 21

Scapula moves back towards spine

Question 22

Rotation at scapula

Answer 22

Named after movement of inferior angle

Question 23

Supporting the shoulder joint

Answer 23

Ball and socket adapted for mobility not stability so rotator cuff muscles provide stability

Question 24

Why is the gleno-humeral joint lax inferiorly

Answer 24

Allow abduction

Question 25

Rotator cuff muscles

Answer 25

Subscuplaris Infraspinatus Teres minor Supraspinatus

Question 26

Where does the supscaularis sit

Answer 26

Sits in the supcapsular fossa and attatches to lesser tubercle of humerus

Question 27

Where does the supraspinatus pass

Answer 27

Passes the supraspinous fossa and attaches to superior portion of greater tubercle

Question 28

Where does infraspinatus and teres minor sit

Answer 28

Infraspinous fossa and attach to greater tubercle posteriorly,

Question 29

Function of rotator cuff muscles

Answer 29

Pull the head of the humorous towards the glenoid fossa to prevent dislocation - shunt action

Question 30

Acromio-clavicular joint

Answer 30

Between acromion process and clavicle

Question 31

Sterno-clavicular joint

Answer 31

Between sternum and clavicle

Question 32

Coraco-clavicular ligaments

Answer 32

Attach coccoid process and clavicle, trapezoid

Question 33

Coraco-acromial ligament

Answer 33

Attach corocoid process and acromion - helps prevent upward dislocation of head of humerus

Question 34

Acromio-clavicular ligament

Answer 34

Between acromion process and clavicle

Question 35

Sub-acromion bursa

Answer 35

In-between greater tubercle and acromion process to help reduce friction

Question 36

Teres minor function

Answer 36

Involved in lateral rotation of the scapula w/ infraspinatus

Question 37

Supraspinatus function

Answer 37

Abduction of shoulder joint (first 15 degrees)

Question 38

Subscapularis function

Answer 38

Medial rotation of humerus

Question 39

What happens initially when the glen-humeral joint sublaxes or dislocates

Answer 39

The humerus moves inferiorly initially as the joint is lax inferiorly and there is no rotator cuff muscle to reinforce or support the shoulder joint. These features allow for accommodation of the large head of humerus during abduction

Question 40

Innervation of supraspinatus

Answer 40

Suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)

Question 41

Innervation of infrapsinatus

Answer 41

Suprascapular nerve (C4,5,6)

Question 42

Innervation of sybscapularis

Answer 42

Subscapular nerve (C5,6,7)

Question 43

Innervation of Teres minor

Answer 43

Axillary nerve

Question 44

Function of infraspinatus

Answer 44

Lateral rotator of humerus

Question 45

Function of Teres minor

Answer 45

Adductor of humerus

Question 46

Innervation of trapezius

Answer 46

Accessory nerve

Question 47

First 30 degrees of shoulder abduction

Answer 47

Initiation by suprapsinatus

Question 48

Next 60 degrees of shoulder abduction

Answer 48

Abduction by deltoid | Rotation of scapula - serrates anterior, trapezius

Question 49

Last 9- degrees of shoulder abduction

Answer 49

Scapula is stationary Rotation at glenohumeral joint - rotator muscles Adduction of humerus - pectoralis major