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MBBS - Year 1 > Anatomy - Nerves Of Lower Limb > Flashcards

Anatomy - Nerves Of Lower Limb Flashcards

1
Q

Dermatome

A

Areas of skin innervated by a single spinal neve root

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2
Q

Myotome

A

Group of muscles, or parts there of, that is innervated by a single spinal nerve root

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3
Q

Nerve root

A

Connects PNS to CNS

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4
Q

How do rami link to spinal cord

A

Via rootlets

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5
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Connects anteriorly

Usually forms peripheral nerves

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6
Q

Dorsal ramus

A

Connects posteriorly

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7
Q

Lumborsacral plexus

A

Nerves supplying lower limb

Combination of lumbar plexus and sacral plexus

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8
Q

Lumbar plexus

A

Ventral rami of L1-5

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9
Q

Sacral plexus

A

Lumbar sacral trunk (L4 & 5)

Ventral rami of S1-3

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10
Q

Nerve roots of femoral nerve

A

L2,3,4

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11
Q

Which compartment does the femoral nerve innovate

A

Anterior compartment of the thigh

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12
Q

Muscles innervated by the femoral nerve

A

Quadriceps
Sartorius
Pectineus

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13
Q

Skin innervated by the femoral nerve

A

Anterior thigh

Medial aspect of leg and foot (branches into saphenous nerve)

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14
Q

Nerve roots of obturator nerve

A

L2,3

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15
Q

Which compartment does the obturator nerve innervate

A

Medial compartment of the thigh

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16
Q

Muscles innervated by the obturator nerve

A

Adductors - except pectineus and posterior part of adductor magnus

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17
Q

Skin innervated by obturator nerve

A

Medial thigh

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18
Q

Biggest nerve in the body

A

Sciatic nerve

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19
Q

Nerve roots attached to sciatic nerve

A

L4,5, S1,2,3

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20
Q

Components of the sciatic nerve

A

Tibial

Common peroneal

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21
Q

Nerve roots attached to tibial nerve

A

L4,5, S1, 2,3

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22
Q

Muscles innervated by sciatic nerve

A

Hamstrings

Posterior portion of adductor magnus

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23
Q

Skin innervated by sciatic nerve

A

Everything below the knee except the skin on the medial leg

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24
Q

Muscles innervated by the tibial nerve

A

Muscles found in posterior thigh and posterior leg compartment

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25
Skin innervated by tibial nerve
Posterior leg | Sole of foot (sural nerve)
26
Nerve roots attached to common peroneal nerve
L4,5, S1, 2
27
Divisions of common peroneal nerve
Deep | Superficial
28
Which compartment is innervated by the superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve
Lateral leg | Carries L5 nerve root
29
Which muscles are innervated by the superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve
Peroneal muscles
30
Which skin is innervated by the superficial branch of the common peroneal nerve
Skin on lateral leg | Dorsum of foot
31
Which compartment (and muscles) is innervated by the deep branch of the common peroneal nerve
Anterior leg
32
Which skin is innervated by the deep branch of the common peroneal nerve
1st web space
33
Gluteal nerves
Only involved in motor | Superior + inferior
34
Innervation by superior gluteal nerve
Abductors - gluteus medius, gluteus minimus, tensor fascia latae Causes +ve trendelenburg sign if damaged
35
Nerve roots attached to superior gluteal nerve
L4,5, S1, 2
36
Innervation by inferior gluteal nerve
Gluteus maximus | Carries S1 nerve root and is used when extending the hip from a flexed position eg raising from a chair
37
Nerve roots attached to inferior gluteal nerve
L5, S1, 2
38
Commonest nerve root injuries
L4, 5 as they pass through areas allowing greatest level of flexion, pressure put on intervertebral disc ——-> prolapse
39
Loss of function if sciatic nerve was compressed
Innervation to posterior thigh and all muscles of the leg Weakened hip extension Absent knee flexion Unable to move ankle and foot
40
How do you test which nerve root is damaged
Testing sensory innervation of skin
41
Cervical vertebrae
7 but 8 nerves
42
Thoracic vertebrae
12
43
Lumbar vertebrae
5
44
Sacral vertebrae
5 - all fused together
45
Caudal (cocageal) vertebrae
4-all fused together
46
Nerve roots supplying hip extension
L2, 3
47
Nerve roots supplying hip flexion
L4, 5
48
Nerve roots supplying knee extension
L3, 4
49
Nerve roots supplying knee flexion
L5, S1
50
Nerve roots supplying ankle flexion
L4,5
51
Nerve roots supplying ankle extension
S1,2
52
Nerve roots supplying ankle inversion
L4,5
53
Nerve roots supplying ankle eversion
L5, S1
54
Nerve roots supplying lateral rotation
L5,S1
55
Nerve roots supplying medial rotation
L1,2,3
56
Nerve roots supplying adduction
L1,2,3
57
Nerve roots supplying abduction
L5,S1
58
Nerve roots supplying toe extension/ flexion
L5
59
Plexus
Network of nerves derived from nerve roots
60
Why do we have plexuses
Allows multiple nerve roots to enter a single peripheral nerve
61
Anterior nerves
Nerve to psoas Femoral nerve Obturator nerve
62
Nerve to psoas
Small branch passing directly from lumbar plexus to psoas major
63
Posterior nerves
Pass posteriorly through greater sciatic foramen Superior gluteal nerve Inferior gluteal nerve Sciatic nerve
64
Which nerve is responsible for the ankle jerk reflex
Tibial nerve - carries nerve root S1
65
Typical mechanism of injury for femoral nerve
Hip and pelvic fractures | Stab/gunshot wounds
66
Typical mechanism of injury for obturator nerve
Anterior hip dislocation | Loss of adduction
67
Typical mechanism of injury for tibial nerve
Not commonly injured Popliteal lacerations Posterior knee dislocation
68
Typical mechanism of injury for common peroneal nerve
Neck of fibula injury Tightly applied lower limb plaster cast Injury causes foot drop
69
Typical mechanism of injury for superior gluteal nerve
Misplaced intramuscular injection Hip surgery Pelvic fracture Posterior hip dislocation
70
What does injury of superior gluteal muscle cause
+ve Trendelendburg sign
71
Typical mechanism of injury for inferior gluteal nerve
Usually injured with sciatic nerve
72
What does an injury of the inferior gluteal nerve result in
Difficulty rising from seated position Can't jump Can't climb stairs
73
Loss of function due to tibial nerve injury
Plantarflexion | Foot inversion
74
Typical presentation of upper trunk of the brachial plexus (C5, C6) injury
The arm is adducted and internally rotated, elbow extended | Usually seen in babies through forceps delivery
75
Meralgia paraesthetica
Lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh is trapped beneath the inguinal ligament Obesity is a risk factor A numb, burning area on the anterolateral aspect of thigh and on examination there is increased sensitivity to touch

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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