Anatomy - The Chest, Back and Arm

Question 1

Muscles of shoulder girdle (scapula)

Answer 1

Pectoralis minor 
Serratus anterior 
Trapezius 
Rhomboid major and minor 
Levator scapulae

Question 2

Pectoralis minor

Answer 2

Small muscle lying deep to pec major

Paasess from coracoid process to ribs 2-5

Question 3

Pectoralis function

Answer 3

Pulls scapula forward and anterior

Protratot - works with serrtaus anterior

Question 4

Serratus anterior

Answer 4

Anteriorly, seen as several finger-like projection the attach to the ribs
Passes posteriorly to scapula, holding this bone against the body wall

Question 5

What does serratus anterior sit between

Answer 5

Subscapularis and chest wall

Question 6

Innervation of serratus anterior

Answer 6

Long thoracic nerves

Question 7

Function of serratus anterior

Answer 7

Man protractor
Holds scapula against chest wall preventing wining
Helps with lateral rotation

Question 8

Trapezius

Answer 8

Large, triangular muscle covering back
Forms superior shape of neck and shoulders
Main lateral rotator of scapula

Question 9

Innervation of trapezius

Answer 9

Spinal accessory nerve

Question 10

Rhomboid major

Answer 10

Oblique muscle passion from thoracic vertebrae to medial border of scapula

Question 11

Rhomboid minor

Answer 11

Oblique muscle passion from thoracic vertebrae to medial border of scapula
Superior to rhomboid major

Question 12

Function of rhomboid muscles

Answer 12

Retraction

Medial rotation of scapula

Question 13

Why is rhomboid usually underdeveloped in most most people

Answer 13

Medial rotation of the scapula will be brought about by gravity unless the action is against resistance

Question 14

Function of levator scapula

Answer 14

Elevation of scapula

Question 15

Levator scapula

Answer 15

Thin muscle passing from cervical vertebra to superior angle of scapula

Question 16

Muscles of shoulder joints

Answer 16

Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

Question 17

Deltoid

Answer 17

Forms lateral shape of shoulder

Primary muscle of shoulder abduction (20-90 degrees)

Question 18

Where does the deltoid attach to the humerus

Answer 18

Deltoid tuberosity

Question 19

Innervation of deltoid

Answer 19

Axillary nerve

Question 20

Latissimus dorsi

Answer 20

Large, flat muscle passing from thoracolumbar region to humerus. Trapezius partially overlies this muscle
Attaches to floor of intertuberuclar groove on humerus

Question 21

Function of latissimus dorsi

Answer 21

Shoulder extension

Question 22

Pectoralis major

Answer 22

Large muscle on front of chest

Split into clavicular and sternum head

Question 23

Attachments of pectoralis major

Answer 23

Attaches distal at intertubercular tuberosity

Question 24

Function of pec major

Answer 24

Shoulder flexor

Question 25

Teres major

Answer 25

Attaches to medial lip of inter tubercular tuberosity, can cause medial rotation w/ LD and PM

Question 26

Anterior muscle of Shoulder

Answer 26

``` Pec major Pec minor Deltoid Trapezius Serratus anterior ```

Question 27

Anterior muscles of arm

Answer 27

Biceps brachii Coracobrachials Brachialis

Question 28

Biceps brachii

Answer 28

Most superficial muscle in anterior compartmnet

Question 29

Coracobarchialis

Answer 29

Lies deep to biceps brachii | Thin muscle passing from coracoid process to humerus

Question 30

Brachialis

Answer 30

Lies deep to biceps brachii | Flat muscle passing from humerus to ulna

Question 31

Posterior muscles of shoulder

Answer 31

Lat dorsi Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Lev scapulae

Question 32

Posterior muscle of arm

Answer 32

Triceps

Question 33

Function of rotator cuff

Answer 33

Provide a shunt action, pulling head of humerus in

Question 34

Supraspinatus in abduction

Answer 34

Initiates first 15/20 degrees

Question 35

Function of supraspinatus

Answer 35

Abduction

Question 36

Innervation of supraspinatus

Answer 36

Subscapular nerve

Question 37

Function of infraspinatus

Answer 37

Lateral rotation

Question 38

Innervation of infraspinatus

Answer 38

Suprascapular nerve

Question 39

Function of Teres minor

Answer 39

Lateral rotation

Question 40

Innervation of Teres minor

Answer 40

Axillary nerve

Question 41

Function of subscapularis

Answer 41

Medial rotation

Question 42

Innervation of subscapularis

Answer 42

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

Question 43

Attachments of biceps brachii

Answer 43

Short head attaches to coracoid process and long head attaches to superior glenoid tubercle - prevents upwards displacement of head of humerus Attaches to radius at bicipital tuberosity

Question 44

Function of biceps brachii

Answer 44

Supination of arm | Shoulder flexion

Question 45

Innervation of biceps brachii

Answer 45

Musculocutaenous nerve

Question 46

Transverse humeral ligament

Answer 46

Holds biceps brachii tendon in place

Question 47

Function of triceps

Answer 47

Elbow extension

Question 48

Brachialis function

Answer 48

Elbow flexor

Question 49

Innervation of brachialis

Answer 49

Musculocutanoeus nerve

Question 50

Mechanism of shoulder abduction

Answer 50

Can go to 180 degrees Supraspinatus pulls out humerus so deltoid has leverage 0-90 degrees Trapezius and serratus anterior (lower fibres) swing infer angel of scapula laterally allows 90-180 degrees

Question 51

Pectoralis major - clavicular head

Answer 51

Flexion of shoulder from anatomical position

Question 52

Pectoralis major - sternum head

Answer 52

Flex from extended position, back to anatomical position

Question 53

What does Pectoralis major contribute to

Answer 53

Adduction and medial rotation | Lat dorsi and Teres major must work together to cancel out flexion action

Question 54

Extrinisic shoulder muscles definition

Answer 54

Originate from the torso, and attach to the bones of the shoulder (clavicle, scapula or humerus

Question 55

Intrinsic shoulder muscles definition

Answer 55

Originate from the scapula and/or clavicle and attach to the humerus.

Question 56

Upper fibres of trapezius

Answer 56

Elevate scapula and rotate it during abduction

Question 57

Middle fibres of trapezius

Answer 57

Retract scapula

Question 58

Lower fibres of trapezius

Answer 58

Pull the scapula inferiorly

Question 59

Extrinsic shoulder muscles

Answer 59

Trapezius Lat Dorsi Lev Scapulae Rhomboids

Question 60

Intrinsic shoulder muscle

Answer 60

Deltoid | Teres major

Question 61

Innervation of extrinsic shoulder muscle

Answer 61

Thoracodorsal nerve except trapezius (accessory nerve)

Question 62

Anterior fibres of deltoid

Answer 62

Flexion and medial rotation.

Question 63

Posterior fibres of deltoid

Answer 63

Extension and lateral rotation

Question 64

Middle fibres of deltoid

Answer 64

The major abductor of the arm

Question 65

Where are flexors usually found

Answer 65

Anteriorly

Question 66

Where are extensors usually found

Answer 66

Posteriorly

Question 67

Motor function of Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 -C7)

Answer 67

``` Elbow flexion (biceps brachii) Supination ```

Question 68

Motor function of axillary nerve (C5, C6)

Answer 68

Shoulder adduction - teres minor and deltoid

Question 69

Motor function of radial nerve

Answer 69

Extension (forearm, hand, wrist, thumb)

Question 70

Motor function of ulnar nerve

Answer 70

Wrist flexion

Question 71

Presentation of lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8, T1) injury

Answer 71

Claw hand | Hyperextended wrist

Question 72

LOAF muscles

Answer 72

Lateral two lumbricals Opponens pollicis ABductor pollicis brevis Flexor pollicis brevis