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MBBS - Year 1 > Anatomy - The Chest, Back and Arm > Flashcards

Anatomy - The Chest, Back and Arm Flashcards

1
Q

Muscles of shoulder girdle (scapula)

A 
Pectoralis minor 
Serratus anterior 
Trapezius 
Rhomboid major and minor 
Levator scapulae
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2
Q

Pectoralis minor

A

Small muscle lying deep to pec major

Paasess from coracoid process to ribs 2-5

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3
Q

Pectoralis function

A

Pulls scapula forward and anterior

Protratot - works with serrtaus anterior

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4
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Anteriorly, seen as several finger-like projection the attach to the ribs
Passes posteriorly to scapula, holding this bone against the body wall

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5
Q

What does serratus anterior sit between

A

Subscapularis and chest wall

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6
Q

Innervation of serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerves

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7
Q

Function of serratus anterior

A

Man protractor
Holds scapula against chest wall preventing wining
Helps with lateral rotation

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8
Q

Trapezius

A

Large, triangular muscle covering back
Forms superior shape of neck and shoulders
Main lateral rotator of scapula

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9
Q

Innervation of trapezius

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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10
Q

Rhomboid major

A

Oblique muscle passion from thoracic vertebrae to medial border of scapula

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11
Q

Rhomboid minor

A

Oblique muscle passion from thoracic vertebrae to medial border of scapula
Superior to rhomboid major

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12
Q

Function of rhomboid muscles

A

Retraction

Medial rotation of scapula

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13
Q

Why is rhomboid usually underdeveloped in most most people

A

Medial rotation of the scapula will be brought about by gravity unless the action is against resistance

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14
Q

Function of levator scapula

A

Elevation of scapula

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15
Q

Levator scapula

A

Thin muscle passing from cervical vertebra to superior angle of scapula

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16
Q

Muscles of shoulder joints

A

Deltoid
Pectoralis major
Latissimus dorsi
Teres major

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17
Q

Deltoid

A

Forms lateral shape of shoulder

Primary muscle of shoulder abduction (20-90 degrees)

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18
Q

Where does the deltoid attach to the humerus

A

Deltoid tuberosity

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19
Q

Innervation of deltoid

A

Axillary nerve

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20
Q

Latissimus dorsi

A

Large, flat muscle passing from thoracolumbar region to humerus. Trapezius partially overlies this muscle
Attaches to floor of intertuberuclar groove on humerus

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21
Q

Function of latissimus dorsi

A

Shoulder extension

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22
Q

Pectoralis major

A

Large muscle on front of chest

Split into clavicular and sternum head

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23
Q

Attachments of pectoralis major

A

Attaches distal at intertubercular tuberosity

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24
Q

Function of pec major

A

Shoulder flexor

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25
Q

Teres major

A

Attaches to medial lip of inter tubercular tuberosity, can cause medial rotation w/ LD and PM

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26
Q

Anterior muscle of Shoulder

A 
Pec major 
Pec minor 
Deltoid 
Trapezius 
Serratus anterior
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27
Q

Anterior muscles of arm

A

Biceps brachii
Coracobrachials
Brachialis

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28
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Most superficial muscle in anterior compartmnet

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29
Q

Coracobarchialis

A

Lies deep to biceps brachii

Thin muscle passing from coracoid process to humerus

30
Q

Brachialis

A

Lies deep to biceps brachii

Flat muscle passing from humerus to ulna

31
Q

Posterior muscles of shoulder

A

Lat dorsi
Rhomboid major
Rhomboid minor
Lev scapulae

32
Q

Posterior muscle of arm

33
Q

Function of rotator cuff

A

Provide a shunt action, pulling head of humerus in

34
Q

Supraspinatus in abduction

A

Initiates first 15/20 degrees

35
Q

Function of supraspinatus

36
Q

Innervation of supraspinatus

A

Subscapular nerve

37
Q

Function of infraspinatus

A

Lateral rotation

38
Q

Innervation of infraspinatus

A

Suprascapular nerve

39
Q

Function of Teres minor

A

Lateral rotation

40
Q

Innervation of Teres minor

A

Axillary nerve

41
Q

Function of subscapularis

A

Medial rotation

42
Q

Innervation of subscapularis

A

Upper and lower subscapular nerves

43
Q

Attachments of biceps brachii

A

Short head attaches to coracoid process and long head attaches to superior glenoid tubercle - prevents upwards displacement of head of humerus
Attaches to radius at bicipital tuberosity

44
Q

Function of biceps brachii

A

Supination of arm

Shoulder flexion

45
Q

Innervation of biceps brachii

A

Musculocutaenous nerve

46
Q

Transverse humeral ligament

A

Holds biceps brachii tendon in place

47
Q

Function of triceps

A

Elbow extension

48
Q

Brachialis function

A

Elbow flexor

49
Q

Innervation of brachialis

A

Musculocutanoeus nerve

50
Q

Mechanism of shoulder abduction

A

Can go to 180 degrees
Supraspinatus pulls out humerus so deltoid has leverage 0-90 degrees
Trapezius and serratus anterior (lower fibres) swing infer angel of scapula laterally allows 90-180 degrees

51
Q

Pectoralis major - clavicular head

A

Flexion of shoulder from anatomical position

52
Q

Pectoralis major - sternum head

A

Flex from extended position, back to anatomical position

53
Q

What does Pectoralis major contribute to

A

Adduction and medial rotation

Lat dorsi and Teres major must work together to cancel out flexion action

54
Q

Extrinisic shoulder muscles definition

A

Originate from the torso, and attach to the bones of the shoulder (clavicle, scapula or humerus

55
Q

Intrinsic shoulder muscles definition

A

Originate from the scapula and/or clavicle and attach to the humerus.

56
Q

Upper fibres of trapezius

A

Elevate scapula and rotate it during abduction

57
Q

Middle fibres of trapezius

A

Retract scapula

58
Q

Lower fibres of trapezius

A

Pull the scapula inferiorly

59
Q

Extrinsic shoulder muscles

A

Trapezius
Lat Dorsi
Lev Scapulae
Rhomboids

60
Q

Intrinsic shoulder muscle

A

Deltoid

Teres major

61
Q

Innervation of extrinsic shoulder muscle

A

Thoracodorsal nerve except trapezius (accessory nerve)

62
Q

Anterior fibres of deltoid

A

Flexion and medial rotation.

63
Q

Posterior fibres of deltoid

A

Extension and lateral rotation

64
Q

Middle fibres of deltoid

A

The major abductor of the arm

65
Q

Where are flexors usually found

A

Anteriorly

66
Q

Where are extensors usually found

A

Posteriorly

67
Q

Motor function of Musculocutaneous nerve (C5 -C7)

A 
Elbow flexion (biceps brachii)
Supination
68
Q

Motor function of axillary nerve (C5, C6)

A

Shoulder adduction - teres minor and deltoid

69
Q

Motor function of radial nerve

A

Extension (forearm, hand, wrist, thumb)

70
Q

Motor function of ulnar nerve

A

Wrist flexion

71
Q

Presentation of lower trunk of the brachial plexus (C8, T1) injury

A

Claw hand

Hyperextended wrist

72
Q

LOAF muscles

A

Lateral two lumbricals
Opponens pollicis
ABductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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