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MBBS - Year 1 > Anatomy - The Foot & Ankle > Flashcards

Anatomy - The Foot & Ankle Flashcards

1
Q

Talocrural joint

A

Large joint between distal end of tibia + fibula and superior surface of the talus

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2
Q

What kind of joint is the talocrural joint

A

Hinge joint - flexion (plantarflexion) and extension (dorsiflexion)

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3
Q

How is the talocrural joint a close packed joint

A

Talus is wider anteriorly than posteriorly so when in dorsiflexion, wider part of talus sits on tibia and fibula

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4
Q

When is the talocrural joint loose packed

A

When in plantar flexion, the more narrow part of the talus sits on tibia + fibula
Less stable - more likely to imbalance causing a flexion-inversion injury

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5
Q

Mortice lock

A

Syndesmosis blends into interosseus membrane

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6
Q

Interosseus membrane

A

Found in between tibia and fibula

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7
Q

Syndesmosis

A

Strong ligament that holds tibia and fibula together to prevent talus passing between them

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8
Q

Collateral ligaments in the foot and ankle

A

Deltoid ligaments
Anterior talofibular ligament
Posterior talofibular ligament
Calcaneo-fibular ligament

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9
Q

Deltoid ligament

A

Found medially
Triangle shaped and v strong
Originates from MM and anterior part travels to navicular and the posterior to the talus

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10
Q

Anterior talofibular ligament

A

Joins fibula to talus
Most likely ligament to be damaged
Found laterally

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11
Q

Calcaneo-fibular ligament

A

Runs from fibula to calcaneus

Found laterally

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12
Q

Posterior talofibular ligament

A

Travels from fibula to talus

Found posteriorly

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13
Q

Subtalar joint

A

Allows inversion and eversion of the ankle joint

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14
Q

Mid-tarsal joint

A

Plane joint between 2 rows of tarsal bones

Allows passive movement of pronation and supination (useful when walking on uneven ground)

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15
Q

Walking tripod

A

Calcaneous
Head of MT1
Head of MT5

Move apart in a spring fashion

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16
Q

How does the walking tripod improve walking and running

A

Reduces wear and tear by acting as a shock absorber

17
Q

Arches of the foot

A

Medial longitudinal arch
Lateral longitudinal arch
Transverse longitudinal arch

18
Q

Spring ligament

A

Talocalcaneonavicular ligament

Reinforces talocalcaneonavicular joint inferiorly to prevent subluxation of head of talus

19
Q

Which arch does the spring ligament support

A

Medial longitudinal arch

20
Q

Tibialis posterior

A

Tendon found in posterior aspect of the tibia

Passes through MM to attach to spring ligament

21
Q

Which arch does tibialis posterior support

A

Longitudinal arches

22
Q

Plantar ligaments

A

Short one is deep to long one
Arise from calcaneous
Attaches to short/ long flexor tendons of foot

23
Q

Which arch do plantar ligaments support

A

Both medial and lateral longitudinal arches

24
Q

Peroneus/ fibularis longus

A

Oblique tendon that originates from lateral aspect, passes through LM and crosses to medial side attaching to base of 1st MT

25
Q

What does peroneus longus create

A

Transverse longitudinal arch

26
Q

Plantar Aponeurosis

A

Layer of fascia that attaches proximally to the calcaneus and then to the heads of the MT’s

27
Q

Function of Plantar Aponeurosis

A

Support longitudinal arches

Prevent slip on dorsal surface - tethers skin and bone, creating pockets of fat (cushioning)

28
Q

Medial longitudinal arch

A

Between calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiforms and metatarsals 1-3
Highest arch therefore most effective

29
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch

A

Between calcaneus, cuboid and metatarsals 4-5

30
Q

Transverse longitudinal arch

A

Between cuboid, cuneiforms and metatarsal bases

31
Q

Joints in the foot

A 
Metatarsophalangeal 
Tarsometatarsal 
Subtalar 
Mid-tarsal
Proximal interphalangeal 
Distal interphalangeal 
Interphalangeal joint of big toe
32
Q

When can the syndesmosis be damaged

A

When excessive rotational external force is placed on calcaneous

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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