Anatomy - Muscles Of Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus muscles

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

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2
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Most superficial and largest gluteal muscle
Allows extension of hip
Used in walking, sitting down and walking up/down stairs

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3
Q

What does the gluteus maximus attach to

A

Iliac crest, sacrum and comes down to blend to greater trochanter

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4
Q

What does the gluteus maximus blend laterally with

A

Ilio-tibial tract

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5
Q

What is the gluteus maximus innervated by

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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6
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

Runs from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Provides attachment for gluteus maximus

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7
Q

What is deep to gluteus maximus

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

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8
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

Innervated gluteus medius and minimus

Can be damaged by intramuscular injection if too deep

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9
Q

Actions of gluteus medius and minimus

A

Abduction of hip

Medial rotation

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10
Q

Piriformis attachment

A

Attaches from sacrum to anterior and superior part of greater trochanter
Pear shaped muscle

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11
Q

Muscles causing lateral (external) rotation

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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12
Q

Posterior thigh muscle movements

A

Hip extension and knee flexion

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13
Q

Where do the hamstrings originate from

A

Ischial tuberosity and attach distally to bones of leg

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13
Q

Innervation of the hamstrings

A

Sciatic nerve

Emerges from under inferior edge of piriformis

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14
Q

Medial hamstrings

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus - deep to Semitendinosus

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15
Q

Shape of Semitendinosus

A

Distally, becomes a long, cord-like tendon

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16
Q

Shape of semimembranosis

A

Proximally has a membrane-like tendon and becomes fatter distally and attaches to tibia posteriorly

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17
Q

What is the oblique popliteal ligament made up of

A

Fibres running from the semimembranosis muscle

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18
Q

Hamstring found laterally

A

Biceps femoris - passes laterally to head of fibula

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19
Q

Special function of Biceps femoris

A

Only has action at the knee - flexion

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20
Q

Sartorius attachment

A

Attaches from ASIS and runs distally and medially to attach to tibia

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21
Q

Anterior thigh muscles

A

Quadriceps muscles
Iliacus
Psoas (major and minor)
Sartorius

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22
Q

Actions of sartorius

A

Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Lateral rotation of hip

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23
Q

Action of rectus femoris

A

Causes hip flexion

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24
Attachment of rectus femoris
Attaches to AIIS and all 3 vasti muscles
25
Function of vasti muscles
Causes knee extension
26
Innervation of vasti muscles
Femoral nerve
27
Main hip flexors
Psoas and iliacus | Found in pelvis and attach to lesser trochanter laterally
28
Femoral triangle borders
Lateral border - sartorius Medial border - adductor longus Superior border - inguinal ligament
29
Floor of femoral triangle
Pectineus | Distal tendon of iliacus and psoas
30
Roof of femoral triangle
Skin
31
Femoral triangle
Femoral vein, artery and nerve
32
Most lateral to medial in femoral triangle
NAVY Nerve Artery Vein Y - fronts (midlines) - post medial
33
Function of medial thigh muscles
Abduction of hip | Adduction of hip
34
Innervation of medial thigh muscles
Obturator nerve but posterior portion of adductor Magnus is innervated by sciatic nerve and pectineus is innervated by the femoral nerve
35
Attachment of gracilus
Attaches to Semitendinosus and sartorius at pes anserius
36
What does the quadriceps tendons attach to
Tibial tuberosity
37
What may cause dislocation of the patella
The angle of the femur from the pelvis to knee is oblique but pull of quads is straight (2 diff force directions)
38
How do we prevent lateral dislocation of the patella during extension
Raised lateral condyle | Horizontal fibres of vastus medialis pull patella medially
39
What do hamstrings limit
Hip flexion
40
Why are women more prone to anterior knee pain
Female pelvis is wider ——-> angle of the femur is more oblique
41
What does the gluteus medius abduct
Body weight - helpful when walking
42
Explanation to falling to the right side when walking
Left gluteus muscles are weak (gluteus medius) and vice versa
43
Main action of gluteus medialis and minimus at non-weight bearing lower limb
Abduct limb
44
Main action of gluteus minimus and medialis at weight-bearing lower limb
Pull the centre of gravity over the weight bearing lim by pulling the pelvis and therefore the trunk over the stance leg
45
Gaits adopted to compensate for damage to the superior gluteal nerve
Waddling gait Swing gait Stepping gait
46
Gluteus medius
Deep and anterior to gluteus maximus | Distally, attaches to greater trochanter
47
Gluteus minimus
Deep to gluteus medius | Smallest and most anterior of gluteal muscles
48
Deep muscles of gluteal region
Quadratus femoris Piriformis Gemelli Obturator internus
49
Muscles causing medial (internal) rotation
lliopsoas | Tensor fascia Latae
50
Iliopsoas
Psoas major | Iliacus
51
Obturator externus
Proximally, attaches to external su face of obturator membrane, on the anterior a spect of the pelvis Passes posteriorly to greater trochanter
52
Gemellus inferior & superior
‘Twin' muscles that accompany tendon of obturator internus
53
Quadratus femoris
Quadrangulor muscle passing between ischium and greater trochanter
54
Where is the semimembranosus found
Sandwiched between semitendinosus and biceps femoris
55
Long head of biceps femoris
Attaches to ischial tuberosity
56
Short head of biceps femoris
Attaches to femur | Only involved in knee flexion
57
Quadriceps muscles
Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Come together to form quadriceps tendon in which the patella lies
58
Muscles of the anterior thigh (medial ——> lateral)
``` Gracilis Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus ```
59
Compartments of the thigh
Anterior Medial Posterior
60
What is the Pes Anserinus formed from
Sartorius Gracilus Semimembranosis