Anatomy - Muscles Of Thigh

Question 1

Gluteus muscles

Answer 1

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

Question 2

Gluteus maximus

Answer 2

Most superficial and largest gluteal muscle
Allows extension of hip
Used in walking, sitting down and walking up/down stairs

Question 3

What does the gluteus maximus attach to

Answer 3

Iliac crest, sacrum and comes down to blend to greater trochanter

Question 4

What does the gluteus maximus blend laterally with

Answer 4

Ilio-tibial tract

Question 5

What is the gluteus maximus innervated by

Answer 5

Inferior gluteal nerve

Question 6

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 6

Runs from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Provides attachment for gluteus maximus

Question 7

What is deep to gluteus maximus

Answer 7

Gluteus medius and minimus

Question 8

Superior gluteal nerve

Answer 8

Innervated gluteus medius and minimus

Can be damaged by intramuscular injection if too deep

Question 9

Actions of gluteus medius and minimus

Answer 9

Abduction of hip

Medial rotation

Question 10

Piriformis attachment

Answer 10

Attaches from sacrum to anterior and superior part of greater trochanter
Pear shaped muscle

Question 11

Muscles causing lateral (external) rotation

Answer 11

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

Question 12

Posterior thigh muscle movements

Answer 12

Hip extension and knee flexion

Question 13

Where do the hamstrings originate from

Answer 13

Ischial tuberosity and attach distally to bones of leg

Question 13

Innervation of the hamstrings

Answer 13

Sciatic nerve

Emerges from under inferior edge of piriformis

Question 14

Medial hamstrings

Answer 14

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus - deep to Semitendinosus

Question 15

Shape of Semitendinosus

Answer 15

Distally, becomes a long, cord-like tendon

Question 16

Shape of semimembranosis

Answer 16

Proximally has a membrane-like tendon and becomes fatter distally and attaches to tibia posteriorly

Question 17

What is the oblique popliteal ligament made up of

Answer 17

Fibres running from the semimembranosis muscle

Question 18

Hamstring found laterally

Answer 18

Biceps femoris - passes laterally to head of fibula

Question 19

Special function of Biceps femoris

Answer 19

Only has action at the knee - flexion

Question 20

Sartorius attachment

Answer 20

Attaches from ASIS and runs distally and medially to attach to tibia

Question 21

Anterior thigh muscles

Answer 21

Quadriceps muscles
Iliacus
Psoas (major and minor)
Sartorius

Question 22

Actions of sartorius

Answer 22

Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Lateral rotation of hip

Question 23

Action of rectus femoris

Answer 23

Causes hip flexion

Question 24

Attachment of rectus femoris

Answer 24

Attaches to AIIS and all 3 vasti muscles

Question 25

Function of vasti muscles

Answer 25

Causes knee extension

Question 26

Innervation of vasti muscles

Answer 26

Femoral nerve

Question 27

Main hip flexors

Answer 27

Psoas and iliacus | Found in pelvis and attach to lesser trochanter laterally

Question 28

Femoral triangle borders

Answer 28

Lateral border - sartorius Medial border - adductor longus Superior border - inguinal ligament

Question 29

Floor of femoral triangle

Answer 29

Pectineus | Distal tendon of iliacus and psoas

Question 30

Roof of femoral triangle

Answer 30

Skin

Question 31

Femoral triangle

Answer 31

Femoral vein, artery and nerve

Question 32

Most lateral to medial in femoral triangle

Answer 32

NAVY Nerve Artery Vein Y - fronts (midlines) - post medial

Question 33

Function of medial thigh muscles

Answer 33

Abduction of hip | Adduction of hip

Question 34

Innervation of medial thigh muscles

Answer 34

Obturator nerve but posterior portion of adductor Magnus is innervated by sciatic nerve and pectineus is innervated by the femoral nerve

Question 35

Attachment of gracilus

Answer 35

Attaches to Semitendinosus and sartorius at pes anserius

Question 36

What does the quadriceps tendons attach to

Answer 36

Tibial tuberosity

Question 37

What may cause dislocation of the patella

Answer 37

The angle of the femur from the pelvis to knee is oblique but pull of quads is straight (2 diff force directions)

Question 38

How do we prevent lateral dislocation of the patella during extension

Answer 38

Raised lateral condyle | Horizontal fibres of vastus medialis pull patella medially

Question 39

What do hamstrings limit

Answer 39

Hip flexion

Question 40

Why are women more prone to anterior knee pain

Answer 40

Female pelvis is wider ——-> angle of the femur is more oblique

Question 41

What does the gluteus medius abduct

Answer 41

Body weight - helpful when walking

Question 42

Explanation to falling to the right side when walking

Answer 42

Left gluteus muscles are weak (gluteus medius) and vice versa

Question 43

Main action of gluteus medialis and minimus at non-weight bearing lower limb

Answer 43

Abduct limb

Question 44

Main action of gluteus minimus and medialis at weight-bearing lower limb

Answer 44

Pull the centre of gravity over the weight bearing lim by pulling the pelvis and therefore the trunk over the stance leg

Question 45

Gaits adopted to compensate for damage to the superior gluteal nerve

Answer 45

Waddling gait Swing gait Stepping gait

Question 46

Gluteus medius

Answer 46

Deep and anterior to gluteus maximus | Distally, attaches to greater trochanter

Question 47

Gluteus minimus

Answer 47

Deep to gluteus medius | Smallest and most anterior of gluteal muscles

Question 48

Deep muscles of gluteal region

Answer 48

Quadratus femoris Piriformis Gemelli Obturator internus

Question 49

Muscles causing medial (internal) rotation

Answer 49

lliopsoas | Tensor fascia Latae

Question 50

Iliopsoas

Answer 50

Psoas major | Iliacus

Question 51

Obturator externus

Answer 51

Proximally, attaches to external su face of obturator membrane, on the anterior a spect of the pelvis Passes posteriorly to greater trochanter

Question 52

Gemellus inferior & superior

Answer 52

‘Twin' muscles that accompany tendon of obturator internus

Question 53

Quadratus femoris

Answer 53

Quadrangulor muscle passing between ischium and greater trochanter

Question 54

Where is the semimembranosus found

Answer 54

Sandwiched between semitendinosus and biceps femoris

Question 55

Long head of biceps femoris

Answer 55

Attaches to ischial tuberosity

Question 56

Short head of biceps femoris

Answer 56

Attaches to femur | Only involved in knee flexion

Question 57

Quadriceps muscles

Answer 57

Rectus femoris Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Come together to form quadriceps tendon in which the patella lies

Question 58

Muscles of the anterior thigh (medial ——> lateral)

Answer 58

``` Gracilis Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Pectineus ```

Question 59

Compartments of the thigh

Answer 59

Anterior Medial Posterior

Question 60

What is the Pes Anserinus formed from

Answer 60

Sartorius Gracilus Semimembranosis