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MBBS - Year 1 > Anatomy - Muscles Of Thigh > Flashcards

Anatomy - Muscles Of Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

Gluteus muscles

A

Gluteus maximus
Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimus

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2
Q

Gluteus maximus

A

Most superficial and largest gluteal muscle
Allows extension of hip
Used in walking, sitting down and walking up/down stairs

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3
Q

What does the gluteus maximus attach to

A

Iliac crest, sacrum and comes down to blend to greater trochanter

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4
Q

What does the gluteus maximus blend laterally with

A

Ilio-tibial tract

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5
Q

What is the gluteus maximus innervated by

A

Inferior gluteal nerve

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6
Q

Sacrotuberous ligament

A

Runs from sacrum to ischial tuberosity

Provides attachment for gluteus maximus

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7
Q

What is deep to gluteus maximus

A

Gluteus medius and minimus

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8
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

Innervated gluteus medius and minimus

Can be damaged by intramuscular injection if too deep

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9
Q

Actions of gluteus medius and minimus

A

Abduction of hip

Medial rotation

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10
Q

Piriformis attachment

A

Attaches from sacrum to anterior and superior part of greater trochanter
Pear shaped muscle

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11
Q

Muscles causing lateral (external) rotation

A

Piriformis
Obturator internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadratus femoris

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12
Q

Posterior thigh muscle movements

A

Hip extension and knee flexion

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13
Q

Where do the hamstrings originate from

A

Ischial tuberosity and attach distally to bones of leg

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13
Q

Innervation of the hamstrings

A

Sciatic nerve

Emerges from under inferior edge of piriformis

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14
Q

Medial hamstrings

A

Semitendinosus

Semimembranosus - deep to Semitendinosus

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15
Q

Shape of Semitendinosus

A

Distally, becomes a long, cord-like tendon

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16
Q

Shape of semimembranosis

A

Proximally has a membrane-like tendon and becomes fatter distally and attaches to tibia posteriorly

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17
Q

What is the oblique popliteal ligament made up of

A

Fibres running from the semimembranosis muscle

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18
Q

Hamstring found laterally

A

Biceps femoris - passes laterally to head of fibula

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19
Q

Special function of Biceps femoris

A

Only has action at the knee - flexion

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20
Q

Sartorius attachment

A

Attaches from ASIS and runs distally and medially to attach to tibia

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21
Q

Anterior thigh muscles

A

Quadriceps muscles
Iliacus
Psoas (major and minor)
Sartorius

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22
Q

Actions of sartorius

A

Hip flexion
Knee flexion
Lateral rotation of hip

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23
Q

Action of rectus femoris

A

Causes hip flexion

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24
Q

Attachment of rectus femoris

A

Attaches to AIIS and all 3 vasti muscles

25
Q

Function of vasti muscles

A

Causes knee extension

26
Q

Innervation of vasti muscles

A

Femoral nerve

27
Q

Main hip flexors

A

Psoas and iliacus

Found in pelvis and attach to lesser trochanter laterally

28
Q

Femoral triangle borders

A

Lateral border - sartorius
Medial border - adductor longus
Superior border - inguinal ligament

29
Q

Floor of femoral triangle

A

Pectineus

Distal tendon of iliacus and psoas

30
Q

Roof of femoral triangle

A

Skin

31
Q

Femoral triangle

A

Femoral vein, artery and nerve

32
Q

Most lateral to medial in femoral triangle

A

NAVY

Nerve
Artery
Vein
Y - fronts (midlines) - post medial

33
Q

Function of medial thigh muscles

A

Abduction of hip

Adduction of hip

34
Q

Innervation of medial thigh muscles

A

Obturator nerve but posterior portion of adductor Magnus is innervated by sciatic nerve and pectineus is innervated by the femoral nerve

35
Q

Attachment of gracilus

A

Attaches to Semitendinosus and sartorius at pes anserius

36
Q

What does the quadriceps tendons attach to

A

Tibial tuberosity

37
Q

What may cause dislocation of the patella

A

The angle of the femur from the pelvis to knee is oblique but pull of quads is straight (2 diff force directions)

38
Q

How do we prevent lateral dislocation of the patella during extension

A

Raised lateral condyle

Horizontal fibres of vastus medialis pull patella medially

39
Q

What do hamstrings limit

A

Hip flexion

40
Q

Why are women more prone to anterior knee pain

A

Female pelvis is wider ——-> angle of the femur is more oblique

41
Q

What does the gluteus medius abduct

A

Body weight - helpful when walking

42
Q

Explanation to falling to the right side when walking

A

Left gluteus muscles are weak (gluteus medius) and vice versa

43
Q

Main action of gluteus medialis and minimus at non-weight bearing lower limb

A

Abduct limb

44
Q

Main action of gluteus minimus and medialis at weight-bearing lower limb

A

Pull the centre of gravity over the weight bearing lim by pulling the pelvis and therefore the trunk over the stance leg

45
Q

Gaits adopted to compensate for damage to the superior gluteal nerve

A

Waddling gait
Swing gait
Stepping gait

46
Q

Gluteus medius

A

Deep and anterior to gluteus maximus

Distally, attaches to greater trochanter

47
Q

Gluteus minimus

A

Deep to gluteus medius

Smallest and most anterior of gluteal muscles

48
Q

Deep muscles of gluteal region

A

Quadratus femoris
Piriformis
Gemelli
Obturator internus

49
Q

Muscles causing medial (internal) rotation

A

lliopsoas

Tensor fascia Latae

50
Q

Iliopsoas

A

Psoas major

Iliacus

51
Q

Obturator externus

A

Proximally, attaches to external su face of obturator membrane, on the anterior a spect of the pelvis
Passes posteriorly to greater trochanter

52
Q

Gemellus inferior & superior

A

‘Twin’ muscles that accompany tendon of obturator internus

53
Q

Quadratus femoris

A

Quadrangulor muscle passing between ischium and greater trochanter

54
Q

Where is the semimembranosus found

A

Sandwiched between semitendinosus and biceps femoris

55
Q

Long head of biceps femoris

A

Attaches to ischial tuberosity

56
Q

Short head of biceps femoris

A

Attaches to femur

Only involved in knee flexion

57
Q

Quadriceps muscles

A

Rectus femoris
Vastus lateralis
Vastus medialis
Vastus intermedius

Come together to form quadriceps tendon in which the patella lies

58
Q

Muscles of the anterior thigh (medial ——> lateral)

A 
Gracilis
Adductor magnus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Pectineus
59
Q

Compartments of the thigh

A

Anterior
Medial
Posterior

60
Q

What is the Pes Anserinus formed from

A

Sartorius
Gracilus
Semimembranosis

MBBS - Year 1 (93 decks)

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