Poultry infectious diseases Flashcards
What are some of the most important diseases in poultry in the UK?
*Salmonella
*Campylobacter
*Mycoplasmosis
*Infectious bronchitis
*Chicken anaemia virus
*Marek’s disease
What are notifiable diseases of poultry + pigeons?
Poultry
*Avian influenza
*Newcastle disease
Pigeon
*Pigeon paramyxovirus
What type of virus is avian influenza + newcastle?
AIV = orthomyxovirus
NDV = paramyxovirus
Why are AIV + NDV dangerous?
Both = highly infectious + high mortality
What type of influenza is of veterinary importance?
Type A
(Types B+C irrelevant)
How is the subtype of influenza defined?
‘Spike’ glycoproteins
-Haemagglutinin H
-Neuraminidase N
e.g. H5N1
What sub type of avian influenza is associated with high pathogenicity avian influenza (HPAI)?
H5 + H7 viruses
Where does avian influenza replicate? What does it cause?
Respiratory + GIT
Causes necrosis, congestion + haemorrhage
What clinical signs does avian influenza cause?
*Death without obvious signs sometimes
*Respiratory distress
*Lack of appetite + emaciation
*Diarrhoea
*Drop in egg production
*Severe + diverse neuro signs
What is the clinical signs influenced by?
*Agent
-Pathotype, strain, dose, infection route
*Host
-Species, age, sex, immunity, stress
*Environment
-Macro / micro-environment
What lesions are seen with avian influenza?
*Mottling haemorrhage of pancreas
*Hyperplasia + necrosis of spleen
*swollen kidneys
*cyanosis of comb, wattles + shanks
*Tracheal, intestinal + mesenteric haemorrhages
What wild birds act as a reservoir for avian influenza?
*Ducks
*Geese
*Swans
How is avian influenza diagnosed?
*Clinical signs + increased mortality
*PCR
*Virus isolation in eggs
How is the virus killed outside the host?
Phenol, Formalin, UV
How is Influenza spread?
*Aerosol, respiratory excretions, faecal excretions
How are newcastle diseases grouped?
*Velogenic
- Viscerotropic-veolgenic = acute lethal infection, gut haemorrhagic lesions
-Neurotropic-velogenic = resp + neuro disease, no gut lesions - High mortality
*Mesogenic = resp + neuro signs - low mortality
*Lentogenic = mild infection of resp tract
*Asymtomatic enteric = replication in gut
What are general signs of newcastle disease?
- loss of appetite
- abnormal thirst
- dehydration
- emaciation
- ruffled feathers
- Huddling
- Listlessness
- depression
What are signs of neurotropic NDV?
- tremors
- star-grazing
- twisted neck
- convulsions
- incoordination
- paralysis of wings/legs
- and related post mortem findings
What are signs of pneumotrophic NDV?
- mild rales and snick
- sneezing and coughing
- nasal discharge
- laboured breathing
- open mouth breathing
- head shaking
- greenish-yellow diarrhoea
- and related post mortem lesions
What are signs of Viscerotropic NDV?
- greenish-yellow diarrhoea
- haemorrhage of intestinal tract
- and related post mortem lesions
- proventriculus
- lymphoid nodules
How is newcastle disease diagnosed?
*Clinical signs
*Serology
*Post-mortem sampling
*Egg inoculation
*Monoclonal antibodies
How is NDV prevented + controlled?
*Biosecurity
*Management
*Avoid immunosuppression
*Vaccination
What NDV vaccine is given to broilers?
Lives 1-2 times by spray/drinking water/ ocular or nasal drops
What NDV vaccine is given to table egg layers?
*Live 1-4 times by drinking water, spray
or
*Inactivated once IM/SC
What NDV vaccine is given to breeders?
*Live 1-4 times by spray, drinking water
or
*Inactivated 1-2 times IM/SC
