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MOD > Neurological examination of the horse > Flashcards

Neurological examination of the horse Flashcards

1
Q

With a neuro exam what should be observed from a distance?

A

*Mentation
*Behaviour
*Posture

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2
Q

What is abnormal behaviour observed?

A

*Aggression
*Compulsive walking / circling
*Loss of learnt behaviour
*Vocalisation

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3
Q

What abnormal mentation can be observed?

A

*Head-pressing
*Dull - stand with head down

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4
Q

What abnormal postures can be seen?

A

*Head tilt - vestibular
*Head +/or body turn
*Wide-based stance

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5
Q

What tests can be used to check the optic nerve?

A

*Sight
*Menace response
*Pupillary light reflex

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6
Q

What tests can be used to check the occulomotor nerve?

A

*PLR
*Eye position

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7
Q

What tests can be used to check the trochlear nerve?

A

*Eye position - rotation of eye

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8
Q

What tests can be used to check the abducens nerve?

A

*Eye position

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9
Q

What tests can be used to check the trigeminal nerve?

A

*Motor to muscle of mastication
*Facial sensation

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10
Q

What tests can be used to check the facial nerve?

A

*Muscles of facial expression
*Assess for facial asymmetry

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11
Q

What tests can be used to check the vestibulocochlear nerve?

A

*Head posture
*Induced eyeball movement
*physiological nystagmus
*Normal gait
*Blindfold + ataxic if problem
*Hearing

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12
Q

What can be assessed with the hypoglossal nerve?

A

*Tongue size, tone + symmetry

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13
Q

What is the slap test?

A

Hit around scapula = adduction of contralateral arytenoid cartilage
*Used to check nerves IX + X

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14
Q

What is checked with neck, trunk, back tail + anus?

A

*Observation + palpation of neck + back
*Cutaneous trunci reflex
*Tail = voluntary movement + tone
*Perineal reflex, anal tone
*Rectal exam

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15
Q

What can abnormal posture be due to?

A

*Orthopaedic problem
*Neurological
-loss of spatial awareness
-inability to move limb

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16
Q

What is cerebellar ataxia?

A

–No weakness
–Hypermetric ataxia
–Other signs of cerebellar disease
* Tremor
* Lack of menace response

17
Q

What is vestibular ataxia?

A

– Loss of balance
– Hypometric ataxia (small steps)
– Wide based
– Other signs of vestibular
disease
* Head tilt
* Nystagmus

18
Q

What is spinal ataxia?

A

*Dysmetric ataxia
* +/- weakness

19
Q

What is seen with extensor weakness?

A

*Sinking / buckling
*Weal when pulling tail

20
Q

What is seen with flexor weakness?

A

*Toe drag / delay in picking up
*Swinging movement

21
Q

What is the difference with tail pull at rest / movement?

A

*Tail pull during movement = UMN - motor tract lesion
*Tail pull at rest = LMN - motor neuron

MOD (103 decks)

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