Behavioural treatment/drugs Flashcards
What neurotransmitters do you increase to to promote biogenic amines?
*Catecholamines - dopamine + noradrenaline
*Serotonin
What neurotransmitters do you increase to promote inhibitory NT?
GABA
How can you alter neurochemistry?
*Medication
*Nutraceuticals
*Diet
When is use of medication appropriate?
When emotional state is inhibiting learning
-cases involving high arousal, -ve emotions (fear,anxiety,phobia), compulsive responses
What does drug selection depend on?
*Behavioural diagnosis
*Duration
*severity
*Risk of euthanasia
*Threat to animal from prescription failure
What are the different classes used for medication?
*Neuroleptics
*Azapirones
*Antidepressants
*Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
*B-blockers
*Benzodiazepines
*Anti-epileptics
*Xanthine derivatives
*Opioid antagonists
*CNS stimulants
*Antihistamines
*Hormonal preparations
*Adrenoreceptor stimulants / antagonists
What is an example of tricyclic antidepressant?
What would you not administer it with?
Clomipramine (For dogs)
Don’t administer with MAOBIs
What is an example of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor?
What would you not administer it with?
Fluoxetin
Don’t administer with MAOBIs
What is an example of a Serotonin antatgonist + reuptake inhibitor?
Is it licenced?
Trazadone
Not licenced for veterinary use
What is an example of a Monoamine oxidase B inhibitor?
What would you not administer it with?
Selegiline - neuroprotective
Don’t administer with pethidine, morphine, fluoxetine, phenothiazines
What is an example of a benzodiazepine used?
What is it used for? What are the side effects?
Alprazolam - (for dogs)
*memory blocking, anxiolytic + sedative
*SE = paradoxical excitement, hepatic side effects in cats + can become dependant
What can dexmedetomidine be used for?
Micro dose - anxiolytic + sedative
What is a beta blocker used? and what is it used for?
Propanolol - situational anxiety - administer 1hr before
What is an example of an anti-epileptic and what is it used for?
Imepitoin - sound related fears
What are hormone preparations used? M+F
F = Cabergoline (Galastop)
M= Deslorelin (chemical castration)
What are oral anxiolytics you can give cats + dogs before an appointment? When before would you use them?
Cats = Gabapentin / Trazadone - give orally 2-3 hours before appointment
Dogs = Trazadone / Alprazolam / Diazepam - give orally 1-2hrs before
What drug classes are used for general anxiety?
*TCAs - clomipramine
*SSRIs - fluoxetine
*SARIs - Trazadone
*Anti-epileptics - Imepitoin
What drug is used for compulsive disorders?
Fluoxetine - SSRI
What drugs are used for fear related problems?
*MAOBI - selegiline
*Anti-epileptic - imepitoin
What drugs are used for cognitive dysfunction?
*MAOBI - selegiline
*Xanthine derivative - propentofylline
What drug is used for panic disorders leading to anxiety?
*SSRI - fluoxetine
What drug is used to treat panic grief?
*MAOBI - selegiline
What drugs are used to treat chronic pain?
Multi-modal analgesia
*NSAIDs
*Gabapentin
*Paracetamol
*NMDA antagonists
What is phosphatidylserine used for?
Improves memory retrieval and exploratory behaviour
What are the pheromones for dogs/cats that reduce stress?
Dog = adaptil
Cat = Feliway
What are the common behavioural presentations seen in general practice?
*Firework related fear
*Feline urine in house
*Requests for neutering for behavioural reasons
How do you prevent firework related problems?
*maximise emotional capacity
*Optimise drainage
*Encourage +ve behaviour
*Minimise negative behaviour + trigger salience
How do you manage firework related problems?
*environmental modification - hideout (Dark & Quiet)
*pheromone support
*Don’t reassure, punish, ignore - Be passively present
What meds can be used to manage firework related fear?
*Trazadone - anxiolytic + sedative
*Dexmedetomidine - micro dose - decrease arousal
*Benzodiazepines - amnesia, anxiolytic, sedative
