Pain Flashcards
What are the 3 types of acute pain?
*Somatic - chemical, thermal or mechanical. Localised to injury, sharp/stabbing sensation
*Visceral - inflammation, ischaemia - poorly localised, burning sensation
*Neuropathic - primary lesions/ dysfunction within nervous system - burning/tingling sensation
What is hyperalgesia?
Exaggerated pain
What is allodynia?
perception of pain from normal non-noxious stimuli
What is peripheral sensitisation?
increased responsiveness of nociceptors - occurs with tissue damage/inflammation
What is central sensitisation?
increased nociceptive signal that may persist - can cause chronic pain
What is the difference between acute and chronic pain?
Acute pain = tissue damage - rapidly alters animals behaviour, easy to treat
Chronic pain = persist beyond expected time, associated with disease/injury, poor response to Tx
What happens if acute pain isn’t managed?
- Unstable anaesthesia
- poor welfare
- Delayed recovery
- Central sensitisation => chronic pain
What are the 4 stages of nociception?
1.Transduction
2.Transmission
3. Modulation
4. Perception
What are the 3 components of the ‘pain experience’?
Sensory
Motivational
Cognitive
What is meant by multimodal analgesia?
Analgesic plan that targets many stages in nociceptive pathway
What stages of nociception does NSAIDs affect?
transduction, modulation, perception
What stages of nociception does Opioids affect?
Modulation, Perception
What can methadone cause in dogs?
Can cause panting - not good for brachycephalics
What stages of nociception do Paracetamol affect?
What animals are they licensed for?
Modulation
Licensed orally in dogs and pigs - toxic to cats
What stages of nociception does local anaesthetics affect?
Transmission - only true analgesic
